Chapter 4 Quiz

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines have ________ principles and ________ standards.

5,10

Which of the following is NOT a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data? *They feel pressure to publish findings. *They are convinced of the correctness of their own hypotheses. *Research success has implications for promotion within their department. *A journal might require it.

A journal might require it.

Which of the following has NOT been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers? *Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans. *Animal research requires less research funding than human research. *Animal researchers are in favor of protecting and even enhancing animal welfare. *Animal researchers continue to reduce the number of animals needed for animal research.

Animal research requires less research funding than human research.

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially?

Confidential research collects participants' names but separates them from the data; anonymous research does not collect participants' names.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that a researcher might include debriefing in their study? *It prevents researchers from being sued. *It allows researchers to make research an educational experience. *It gives participants insight into the nature of psychological science. *It informs participants about the presence and purpose of deception in a study

It prevents researchers from being sued.

Why is plagiarism a violation of ethics?

It violates an APA standard.

Which of the following events did NOT occur in the Tuskegee Study? *Researchers told participants they were receiving treatment even though they were not. *Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease. *Participants were not told they had been infected with the disease. *Researchers prevented participants from seeking treatment

Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease.

Which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was NOT committed in the Tuskegee Study? *Participants were harmed. *Participants were not treated respectfully. *Participants were not treated by actual doctors. *Participants were from a disadvantaged social group.

Participants were not treated by actual doctors.

When conducting animal research, which guideline states that alternatives to animal research should be considered? Question 9 options: *Refinement *Reduction *Replacement *Recycling

Replacement

Which of the following is true of students' views of deception and harm in research studies? *Students usually are tolerant of studies that use major deception. *Students are not tolerant of any degree of deception. *Students can find deception to be stressful. *Students find the negative effects of deception to be worsened by debriefing.

Students can find deception to be stressful.

Ethical decision making done by researchers can change in response to all of the following EXCEPT: *Bad experiences of other researchers *The possibility of additional grant funding *Changing social norms *Scientific discoveries

The possibility of additional grant funding

When determining whether a study should be conducted, we have to balance which two issues? *The costs of conducting the study vs. the benefits gained by the researcher. *The type of people negatively affected vs. the type of people positively affected. *The potential risks to participants vs. the value of knowledge we can gain. *The number of people negatively affected vs. the number of people positively affected

The potential risks to participants vs. the value of knowledge we can gain.

In addition to the three principles derived from the Belmont Report, which of the following two principles were added in the principles put forth by the American Psychological Association? *The principle of consent and honesty *The principle of reliability and validity *The principle of honor and accountability/commitment *The principle of integrity and fidelity/responsibility

The principle of integrity and fidelity/responsibility

The belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report? *The principle of justice The principle of respect for persons The principle of beneficence The principle of integrity

The principle of justice

Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. To address the Belmont principle of beneficence, Dr. Kline would need to ask which of the following questions?

What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?