Chapter 4 Section 3

Alliance

1) "a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defenses" 2) The Delian League between Greek city-states is an example of an alliance. They worked together and defended each other 3) Alliances are important because it can be difficult to win wars without having other people helping you if you are greatly outnumbered or for other reasons.

Stipend

1) "fixed salary" 2) People that were in government were given a stipend 3) Stipends were important because it allowed lower class and poor people to a part of government because they were getting paid.

Miltiades

1) An Athenian greek general 2) He worked with Themistocles to build up the Athenian army. 3) He was important because he helped the Athenians to win the Persian War with his smart military tactics.

Darius I

1) Darius I was the King of Persia 2) His goal was to takeover Greek city-states 3) He died before the war against Greece so his son Xerxes took over and began to send troops.

Marathon

1) a Greek city-state 2) The Battle of Marathon happened on the coast near Marathon. The Athenians were greatly outnumbered but they still won and after the battle was won, Greece's fastest runner ran to Marathon to pronounce that they had won. 3) A major battle from the Persian War took place near this city-state

Aspasia

1) a Greek women 2) Perciles brought Aspasia to Athens because she knew a lot about the arts and she was also thought to be Pericles' lover. 3) Aspasia helped Athens transform into a great cultural center for people in Greece.

Bay of Salamis

1) a bay in Salamis 2) In the Bay of Salamis is where the Persian navy was defeated by the Athenian Navy. 3) A major battle and victory occurred here during the Persian Wars for the Athenians and the rest of the Greek city-states

Direct Democracy

1) a government where citizens take part in day to day activities 2) In Direct Democracy everyone is a part of decision making unlike today where elected individuals represent the people. Also, a direct democracy was better for citizens with lower income because they were given a stipend. 3) Having a Direct Democracy was important because lower class citizens could vote as well and everyone had an equal say in different matters now.

Pericles

1) a great Athenian leader 2) Pericles made Athens a great cultural center for artists, philosophers, and writers. Jobs were created for many people. 3) Pericles was a strong leader who turned Athens into the greatest cultural center in Greece

Thermopylae

1) a greek city-state 2) In the mountain pass in Thermopylae, the Battle of Thermopylae took place. The 300 spartan men and 7,000 Athenian men held back the Persians while the Athenians went back to save everyone from the Persians. 3) A major battle where the Spartans and Athenians worked and fought together, a huge part of the Persian War.

Ionia

1) a greek city-state/area that is on and near the coast 2) This city-state was one of the first ones to begin to rebel against Persian rule. 3) Ionia is one of the causes of the Persian War.

Delian League

1) an alliance between greek city-states 2) The league was dominated by Athens and soon they were in the leadership role and Athens forced Greek city-states to stay in the League. 3) The Delian League is important because the city-states stay together during and after the Persian Wars until Athens becomes dominant and too controlling

Peloponnesian League

1) an alliance formed by Sparta and other-city states that disked Athens 2) Sparta did not like that Athens was the controlling figure in the Delian League so they formed the Peloponnesian League. This caused an outbreak in fighting 3) The conflict between the Delian League and the newly created Peloponnesian League caused the Peloponnesian war to start where Athens and Sparta turned on each other.

Themistocles

1) an athenian army general 2) Themistocles was an army general and he helped Athens by telling them to build a navy. 3) Themistocles' idea of building a navy to defeat the Persians is a huge reason why Greece won the Persian Wars.

Ostracism

1) banishing someone 2) At the time, if one particular person was becoming too powerful the people would vote to banish them for 10 years so that they wouldn't end up being controlled by a tyrant. 3) Ostracism was a good idea because it made sure that people wouldn't take over and that the idea of democracy wouldn't be destroyed.