Chapter 4: Self-Quiz/Practice Test/Mastering
Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? -Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates. -The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups. -The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells. -Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells. -Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells.
Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates
Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? -Mitochondria but not chloroplasts contain a small amount of DNA. -Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. -Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes. -Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins. -Chloroplasts but not mitochondria are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? -Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. -Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. -Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. -Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. -Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm
what molecule does not cross the nuclear membrane?
DNA
A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle? -Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm. -Enzymes for the breakdown of the food are delivered to the food vacuole from the cytosol. -Proteins for digestion of the food particle were initially processed in mitochondria. -The membrane of the food vacuole is derived from the cell wall. -Proteins for digestion of the food are made by ribosomes in the Golgi apparatus.
Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? -E can synthesize proteins but P cant -E are much more successful than P -E are compartmentalized, which allowed for specialization -E lack many of the organelles found in P -E are larger than P
E are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization
the nuclear envelope is continuous with the..
ER
What proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes?
ER protein, lysosomal enzymes, insulin
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? -golgi to ER to lysosome -ER to golgi to nucleus -ER to golgi to vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane -ER to lysosomes to vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane -nucleus to ER to golgi
ER to golgi to vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. -Fimbriae -Ribosomes -Flagella -Mitochondria -Cell walls
Fimbriae
Which of the following is false? -Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. -Mitochondria have more than one membrane. -Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. -The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae. -The mitochondria possess their own DNA.
Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.
Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? -They are all involved in ATP synthesis. -They all contain two or more membranes. -They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins. -They are all part of the plastid family of organelles. -None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. -The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER. -The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. -Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. -None of the listed responses is correct.
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? -the cytoplasm -the rough endoplasmic reticulum -in mitochondria -The first two answers are correct. -The first three answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct
Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? -Both are permeable to water and small solutes. -Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. -Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. -The first two answers are correct. -The first three answers are correct.
The first two answers are correct.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? -The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. -The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. -The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. -The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. -The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions
In addition to the fundamental structures required to be defined as a cell, a particular cell also has a nucleus and chloroplasts. Based on this information, this cell could be _____ -a cell from a pine tree -a cel from the intestinal lining of a cow -a yeast (fungus) cell -a bacterium -a protistal cell and a plant cell
a protistal cell and a plant cell
Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? -the time it take a molecule to diffuse across a cell -the cell's surface-to-volume ratio -the shape of the cell -all are correct -none
all are correct
what is identical in structure to centrioles?
basal bodies
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to ______ -have a very high metabolic rate -be buried deep in the interior of an organism -be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment -be a prokaryotic cell -be nearly spherical in shape
be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
functions of the smooth ER
calcium ion storage, poison detoxification, lipid synthesis
Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? -cell -tissue -organ -molecules -none
cell
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? -capsule -pili -cell wall -flagella -nucleoid region
cell wall
structure and plant or animal a polysaccharide that us used to synthesize new cell walls, which protect cells and help maintain their shape
cellulose, plant
Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? -central vacuole ... storage -lysosome ... movement -ribosome ... manufacture of lipids -nucleus ... cellular respiration -mitochondrion ... photosynthesis
central vacuole...storage
Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT plant cells? -mitochondria -plasma membrane -centrioles -Golgi apparatus -rough endoplasmic reticulum
centrioles
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system? -ER -nuclear envelope -chloroplast -plasma membrane -golgi apparatus
chloroplast
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? -nucleus -mitochondria -cilia -the central vacuole -Golgi apparatus
cilia
structure and plant or animal long fibers of protein found in the extracellular matrix that provide structural support for cells
collagen, animal
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? -muscles -cytoskeleton -transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi -plasma membrane -ribosomes
cytoskeleton
the primary role of ____ is to bind animal cells together
desmosomes
structure and plant or animal membrane protein complexes that strengthen the adhesion between adjacent cells, like rivets, to protect against pulling forces
desmosomes, animal
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? -in the aqueous interior of a lysosome functioning as a digestive enzyme -in the cytoplasm functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis -embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell -in the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted -in a mitochondrion functioning in ATP synthesis
embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
T or F? Large proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) bind to the nuclear pore and enter the nucleus without any expenditure of energy.
false, requires energy
Which of the following is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion? -transport vesicles -free cytoplasmic ribosomes -the Golgi apparatus -rough endoplasmic reticulum -smooth endoplasmic reticulum
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Which of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? -rough endoplasmic reticulum -free cytoplasmic ribosomes -Golgi apparatus -transport vesicles -All of the listed responses will increase in pancreatic cells secreting digestive enzymes
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
__________ aid in the coordination of activities of adjacent animal cells
gap junctions
structure and plant or animal small channels that form across the plasma membranes of adjacent cells; especially important in intercellular communication
gap junctions, animal
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. -Golgi apparatus -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -plasma membrane -transport vesicles -rough endoplasmic reticulum
golgi
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they ______ -lack chromosomes -have a smaller nucleus -lack a plasma membrane -have no membrane bound organelles in their cytoplasm -have no ribosomes
have no membrane bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found _____. -free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes -on the rough ER -in bacterial cells -The first two answers are correct. -The first three answers are correct
in bacterial cells
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____. -in the ribosomes of the mitochondria -on free cytoplasmic ribosomes -in the rough endoplasmic reticulum -in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum -in the plasma membrane
in the rough ER
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized _____. -externally to the plasma membrane -in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum -in the Golgi apparatus -in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus -in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
in the rough ER and the golgi
Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct? -Proteins and lipids are common components of extracellular structures. -All extracellular structures form barriers to separate adjacent cells. -Extracellular structures store energy in the form of polysaccharides for subsequent metabolism by the cell. -Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm. -Extracellular structures regulate the passage of water molecules across the cell membrane.
information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm
the only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the
intermediate filaments
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice? -light bc high resolving power -transmission electron bc high magnifying power -scanning electron bc ability to visualize the surface of subcellular objects -transmission electron bc high resolving power -light bc specimen is alive
light bc specimen is alive
functions of lysosomes
macromolecule digestion, autophagy
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? -breakdown of complex foods -energy processing -manufacturing -structural support of cells -information storage
manufacturing
centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into
microfilaments
the extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of
microfilaments
Which structure-function pair is mismatched? -lysosome and intracellular digestion -nucleolus and production of ribosomal subunits -microtubule and muscle contraction -golgi and protein trafficking -ribsosome and protein synthesis
microtubule and muscle contraction
In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are
microtubules
during muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of
microtubules
many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by ____, which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins
microtubules
the cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of
microtubules
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involed in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to the cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the _____ -ER -ribosomes -lysosomes -peroxisomes -mitochondria
mitochondria
Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? -cytosol -plasma membrane -mitochondria -ribosomes -DNA
mitochondria
Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? -endoplasmic reticulum -plasma membrane -mitochondrial outer membrane -lysosome membrane -Golgi apparatus
mitochondrial outer membrane
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? -mitochondrion -wall made of cellulose -chloroplast -contriole -central vacuole
mitochondrion
what organelle carries out cellular respiration?
mitochondrion
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? -actin -pseudopodia -mitochondria -tubulin -motor proteins
motor proteins
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? -determining the shape of animal cells -maintaining the position of the nucleus in the cell -the beating of cilia or flagella -the contraction of muscle cells in animals -Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? -muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner -photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree -bacterial cells that are growing on sugars -inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use -nondividing cells in the skin on your finger
muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria _____. -are produced by the nucleus of the cell -must divide each time the cell containing them divides -are part of the endomembrane system -are involved in energy metabolism of the cell -contain two or more membranes
must divide each time the cell containing them divides
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? -lysosomes -ribosomes -Golgi apparatus -RNA -None of the listed responses is correct.
none
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? -ribosomes -nucleus -peroxisome -nucleoid region -capsule
nucleoid region
ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the?
nucleolus
Nucleoplasmin is a nuclear protein. This protein was divided into two segments and linked to the same large cytoplasmic protein, generating two fusion proteins. After injecting these fusion proteins into a cell, one of the proteins was found in the nucleus and the other in the cytoplasm. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these results? -One of the fusion proteins entered the nucleus by passive transport. -Nucleoplasmin does not have a nuclear localization signal. -The cytoplasmic protein contains a nuclear localization signal. -Only one of the two fusion proteins possesses a nuclear localization signal.
only one of the two fusion proteins possesses a nuclear localization signal
what organelle produces h2O2 as a byproduct?
peroxisome
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? -nerve cell -bacterial cell -muscle cell -phagocytic white blood cell -leaf cell of a plant
phagocytic white blood cell
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. -plasma membrane -nucleoid region -ribosome -pili -cell wall
plasma membrane
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through _____. -a tight junction -a microtubule -a cell wall -plasmodesmata -a gap junction
plasmodesmata
structure and plant or animal small channels between cells that are otherwise surrounded by walls; enable movement of water and solutes between cells
plasmodesmata, plant
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? -protein synthesis -propulsion -protection -adhesion -DNA storage
protection
functions of the golgi
protein modification and sorting, cisternal maturation
functions of the rough ER
protein synthesis
Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct? -Most of the phospholipids of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the mitochondria. -The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane. -Mitochondria function in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. -Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system. -Ribosomes move lipids and proteins among the different organelles of the endomembrane system.
proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? -ER -chloroplast -nuclear envelope -mitochondrion -ribosome
ribosome
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? -lysosome, vacuole, ribosome -ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum -vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum -smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole -rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole
ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? -ribosomes -nucleus -peroxisome -nucleoid region -capsule
ribosomes
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? -the nucleolus -mitochondria -ribosomes -transport vesicles -No organelles are found inside of other organelles
ribosomes
what are the sites of protein synthesis?
ribosomes
Which of the following features for prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? -mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane -ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm -nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes -mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm -ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
what manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
rough ER
You would expect a cell with an extensive golgi apparatus to ______ -make a lot of ATP -secrete a lot of protein -move rapidly -absorb nutrients in the GI tract -store large quantities of ions
secrete a lot of protein
Cell fractionation _______ -separates cells into their component parts -requires the use of a scanning electron microscope -uses strong acids to break apart cells -is no longer used in modern cell biology -none
separates cells into their component parts
Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell? -The nuclear envelope is a single membrane, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer. -Plasmadesmosomes in the nuclear envelope permit the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. -All of the proteins of the cell are synthesized on ribosomes bound on the nuclear envelope. -The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. -The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is coated with laminin
the nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum
A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate? -the rough ER -the golgi -the nucleus -rough ER and golgi -golgi and nucleus
the nucleus
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through ______ -a microtubule -the endomembrane system -a ribosome -the nucleus -the plasma membrane
the plasma membrane
what cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?
tight junctions
structure and plant or animal membrane proteins that create a watertight seal between cells
tight junctions, animal
Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____. -translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids -transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA -removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons -translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids -linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? -the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall -whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes -whether or not the cell contains DNA -whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism -the presence or absence of ribosomes
whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
