Chapter 4: Stop and Frisk

When may race act as a sole factor for a Terry stop? A. Always B. Never C. When the suspect is a juvenile D. When the race of the suspect is the same as the officer's so as to not raise suspicion of discrimination

B. Never

What level of proof is required for law enforcement officers to make an arrest? A. Beyond a reasonable doubt B. Probable cause C. Preponderance of the evidence D. Reasonable suspicion

B. Probable cause

Which of the following is not one of the three points the U.S. Supreme Court has laid out regarding reliance on profiles? A. Reasonable suspicion B. Probable cause C. Suspect's conduct D. Nonsuspicious conduct

B. Probable cause

Which of the following best lends credence to a tip provided by an anonymous informant? A. The seriousness of the crime the informant is describing B. The level of detail provided by the informant C. The level of vulnerability of the victim(s) D. Whether the informant says the criminal in question is armed

B. The level of detail provided by the informant

By what standard do the courts determine whether reasonable suspicion existed to justify a Terry stop? A. The extenuating circumstances test B. The totality of the circumstances D. Eyewitness testimony D. The judgment of the officer involved

B. The totality of the circumstances

An officer stops an individual for the purposes of a Terry stop; he has reasonable suspicion to do so. During the frisk he finds a small handgun, for which the person has a valid license to own and permit to carry. He also feels what he immediately identifies as a small baggie of marijuana. Can he seize the marijuana and use it as evidence at trial? A. Yes, he can always frisk for drugs B. Yes, according to the "plain touch" rule it is admissible C. No, he did not have justification for the stop D. No, a Terry stop is allowed to search for weapons only

B. Yes, according to the "plain touch" rule it is admissible

Which of the following examples would be considered an unacceptable detention for a Terry stop? A. Officers make a suspect wait 20 minutes at an airport for a drug dog B. An officer makes three suspects wait for 10 minutes while he calls for backup C. A traffic officer makes a suspect wait for 3 hours in his vehicle for a drug dog D. After refusing a x-ray, officers make a suspected drug mule wait 12 hours before he passes cocaine-filled balloons

C. A traffic officer makes a suspect wait for 3 hours in his vehicle for a drug dog

Which of the following is one of the secondary characteristics of Markonni's drug profile? A. Purchasing airline tickets with small denominations of currency B. Displaying unusual nervousness C. Almost exclusively using public transportation, particularly taxicabs, in departing from the airport D. Having an unusual itinerary, such as a rapid turnaround time for a very lengthy airplane trip

C. Almost exclusively using public transportation, particularly taxicabs, in departing from the airport

As a general rule, which common law enforcement item can an officer not use while making a Terry stop? A. Flashlight B. Handcuffs C. Firearm (brandishing, not firing) D. Drug dog

C. Firearm (brandishing, not firing)

What is a hearsay report? A. A report on what officers learn through eavesdropping and wiretapping B. Information that is obtained through an informant only C. Information that is obtained in a secondhand fashion as opposed to through direct observation and offered in court D. A report containing the suspect's statement prepared and filed by a police officer

C. Information that is obtained in a secondhand fashion as opposed to through direct observation and offered in court

Which of the following is not considered a source of secondhand information? A. Informants B. Eyewitnesses C. Officer observations D. Police bulletins

C. Officer observations

The U.S. Supreme Court justified the use of a stop and frisk by stating that requiring an officer to wait until he/she developed probable cause would ----. A. Be unreasonable B. Jeopardize the investigation C. Place society at risk of harm D. Allow the guilty to go free

C. Place society at risk of harm

The practice of officers briefly stopping and frisking suspicious persons for weapons, leading to the landmark case of Terry v. Ohio, spiked in which decade? A. 1920s B. 1940s C. 1960s D. 1980s

D. 1980s

What are the three areas of inquiry one must consider in differentiating between a probable cause arrest and a reasonable suspicion stop? A. Subjective belief, duration, intrusiveness B. Objective belief, movement, intrusiveness C. Use of force, length of detention, nature of relationship D. Movement, length of detention, intrusiveness

D. Movement, length of detention, intrusiveness

Which of the following is not used to determine whether reasonable suspicion existed to justify a Terry stop? A. Officer experience B. Officer expertise C. Probabilities D. Probable cause

D. Probable cause

The key element that differentiates a Terry stop from an arrest is ----. A. Who can (and cannot) be stopped B. The number of officers present C. Whether handcuffs are employed D. The duration of the stop

D. The duration of the stop

When determining the reasonableness of a Terry stop, the facts must be judged in accordance to what a reasonable person would have believed. This is known as ----. A. The average, reasonable person rule (or TARP rule) B. The reasonable officer rule C. The subjective standard D. The objective standard

D. The objective standard

Which of the following is not one of the major factors considered by a judge when determining the level of intrusiveness of a Terry stop? A. The number of suspects B. The number of officers C. Whether the suspect is behaving threateningly D. Whether an informant was involved

D. Whether an informant was involved

When determining what is the level of proof necessary for some action (e.g., probable cause, reasonable suspicion), which of the following are the two opposing factors that must be balanced against one another? A. An officer's ability to prevent crime and the intrusion on citizen privacy B. An officer's ability to prevent crime and the safety of nearby citizens C. The severity of the offense in question and the intrusion on citizen privacy C. The safety of nearby citizens and the intrusion on citizen privacy

A. An officer's ability to prevent crime and the intrusion on citizen privacy

Which of the following is one of the seven primary characteristics of Markonni's drug profile? A. Carrying little or no luggage or large quantities of empty suitcases B. Immediately making a telephone call after deplaning C. Leaving a false or fictitious call-back telephone number with the airline D. Excessively frequent travel to source or distribution cities

A. Carrying little or no luggage or large quantities of empty suitcases

Which of the following is not one of the ways in which race can be considered by law enforcement officers? A. Neighborhood "racial incongruity" B. One aspect of an identification C. One aspect of a profile D. None of the above are allowed

A. Neighborhood "racial incongruity"

How far can a suspect be involuntarily moved during a Terry stop before it becomes an arrest? A. Only a few feet B. Less than 50 feet C. Less than 250 feet D. Less than one mile

A. Only a few feet

** An officer stops a young man on the street legally and subjects him to a frisk. The officer is extremely thorough in the frisk. He even asks the young man to empty his wallet. Is the extent of this frisk permissible? ** A. Only if the officer reasonably believes the wallet might contain a weapon B. No, because the scope must be limited to the discovery of guns, knives, and other weapons C. Yes, an officer may search to whatever extent necessary when detaining a criminal suspect D. No, because the frisk can only occur after transportation to the police station

A. Only if the officer reasonably believes the wallet might contain a weapon

Which of the following is not one of the critical considerations of the test established by the U.S. Supreme Court to determine the veracity of the information provided by an informant? A. Severity of the crime being reported B. Reliability of the informant C. Basis of the informant's knowledge D. All of the above are critical considerations

A. Severity of the crime being reported

Which of the following factors is not considered in the determination of reasonable suspicion? A. The race of the individual in question B. Evading the police C. Acting nervous during an encounter with the police D.A high-crime area

A. The race of the individual in question

Although not backed by the U.S. Supreme Court rule and not to be considered a bright line rule, the Model Penal Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure places a ---- time limit on Terry stops. A. 10-minute B. 20-minute C. 30-minute D. 45-minute

B. 20-minute

The first profiles were developed to detect and track ----. A. Drunk drivers B. Drug traffickers C. Child molesters D. Serial killer

B. Drug traffickers

To rely solely on race to stop or detain a person would be against the rights provided in the ---- and Fourteenth Amendments. A. Second B. Fifth C. Ninth D. Thirteenth

B. Fifth

In order to seize narcotics during a frisk, what test must be employed? A. There must be no doubt that the item is a narcotic B. It must be immediately apparent that the item is a narcotic C. The officer must have probable cause to believe the item is a narcotic D. The officer must be reasonably certain them item is a narcotic

B. It must be immediately apparent that the item is a narcotic

In addition to weapons, what other type of item can be seized during a frisk? A. Cell phones B. Narcotics C. Wallets D. Electronics

B. Narcotics