Chapter 4 World History

​If one lived in a way that was harmonious with the natural law, or was submissive to the will of God, then one was living a life of virtue. The preceding statement would be a position advocated by the

Stoics

Athens, with a population of 250,000 in the fifth century B.C.E., was far larger than most Greek poleis.

T

​It was Pericles who claimed that Athens was the "school of Greece."

T

​The individual generally credited with transforming Sparta into a military state was Lycurgus.

T

The period of the Peloponnesian War saw

Thucydides write his History of the Peloponnesian War.

The Olympic games were held to honor

Zeus

The term polis describes

a community of citizens in which political, economic, social, cultural and religious activities were performed.

Mycenaean civilization was characterized by

a militaristic program of conquest, even of Crete.

By the time he died, at the age of thirty-two, Alexander had conquered all except

central Gaul.

Greek Geography

contained mountainous areas that impeded Greek unity

The Hellenizing process

created Greco-Macedonian domination of the population centers of the Middle East.

In The Republic, Plato

created a utopian, ideal state composed of three social classes.

Legacy of Alexander the Great

embraced a major clash and fusion of cultures across a huge area as Greco-Macedonian elite assumed power in highly diverse cultures.

Socrates

employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn.

Thucydides believed that

historical writing should be objective, accurate, and factual.

Homer's legacy to the Greeks was

important in inculcating the aristocratic values of courage and honor

​In their effort to uncover the will of the gods, the ancient Greeks made use of

oracles

Greek religion was characterized by

polytheism, rituals, sacrifice, and festivals.

The ultimate result of the Oresteia is the triumph of

reason and law over the forces of evil.

The plays of Euripides

reflected a skepticism that questioned traditional values.

Cleisthenes

reformed Athenian government thus creating the foundation for political democracy

Alexander the Great believed or accomplished all except

restoring freedom to Greece.

Greek Colonization

resulted from overpopulation, an increase in trade, and a widening gap between rich and poor.

In ancient Greece, tyrants

served in a transitional role from oligarchy to democracy for many city-states.

Under Pericles

the Delian League was used to expand Athenian imperialism.

Foreign influences on early Greek culture included all of the following except

the importance of Middle Eastern monotheism

Macedonia's Philip II gained control of Greece by his victory in 338 B.C.E. at the Battle of

Chaeronea

The earliest Aegean civilization was located

Crete

Pursuing pleasure rationally, and not only in a physical or hedonistic sense, as the only true good, was a precept of

Epicureanism

Arthur Evans discovered Mycenaean civilization on the Greek mainland and Heinrich Schliemann discovered Minoan civilization on Crete.

F

Minoan civilization was strongly influenced by Mycenaean civilization.

F

One of the weaknesses of Hellenistic civilization is that there was no international language or dialect that could unite the various cultures and societies

F

Serfs in Sparta were known as hoplites.

F

The comedy writer who criticized the Peloponnesian War in his Lysistrata was Aeschylus.

F

​As an island-based civilization in the Aegean Sea region, Minoan civilization had little or no contract with ancient Egypt.

F

​In spite of his hopes, Alexander lost the Battle of the Hydaspes River, and thus he was never able to set foot in India.

F

​The Greek historian who wrote the History of the Persian Wars was

Herodotus

By about 700 B.C.E., which of the following replaced the aristocratic cavalryman in Greek warfare?

Hoplites

Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the Greek polis?

It played a significant role in unifying all Greeks throughout the entire region under a single government.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about classical Greek architecture?

It reflected calmness, clarity, and freedom from excessive detail.

Which of the following statements is an accurate depiction of life in classical Athens?

It was a male-dominated environment that used slaves, was predominantly agricultural, employed a limited number of craftsmen, gave a major role to the family, and accepted the practice of male homosexuality.

Sparta was located in

Peloponnesus

The Athenian leader whose funeral oration lauded Athenian democracy was

Pericles

Which of the following statements is not a correct observation of Greek-Macedonian affairs?

Philip II's assassination ended all Greek involvement in a Macedonian-led invasion of the Persian Empire.

Spartan Society

was organized as a military state.

Aeschylus

was the first known writer of tragedy.

Archimedes

worked on the geometry of cylinders and spheres and the value of pi.

Which of the following was the leading cultural center of the Hellenistic world?

Alexandria.

One of the Hellenistic kingdom that succeeded Alexander was that of the

Ptolemies in Egypt.

The tragic Greek tale of the man who killed his father and married his mother was written by

Sophocles

All of the following were true about the Spartan assembly except that

it was elected by the gerousia and the military commanders.

The ultimate result of the formation of the Delian League was to

make Athens the dominant city-state in the region.

During the Greek Dark Age,

many Greeks left the mainland for Ionia and Aegean islands

The myth of Persian invincibility was broken at

marathon

Which of the following best summarizes Aristotle's fears the deterioration of forms of government?

monarchy to tyranny, aristocracy to oligarchy, and constitutional government to anarchy.

The Greeks decisively defeated the Persians

near the island of Salamis

All of the following was true about the Peloponnesian War except

the ultimate result of the war was a unified Greece headed by the city by Thebes.

​All of the following are correct about warfare in ancient Greece except

the use of light infantry in battle because of greater mobility.

Greek Philosophy

was distinguished by the ideas of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.

Mycenaean Civilization

was founded by Indo-Europeans who migrated into Greece as early as 1900 B.C.E