Chapter 4
How did the English monarchs James I and Charles I react to the ideas of Puritan reformers?
Both enforced conformity to the Church of England.
James II was a zealous supporter of which religion?
Catholicism
Why was the New England town meeting significant?
Its popular political participation was unprecedented during the seventeenth century.
Why did the Wampanoag Indians attack New England settlements in 1675?
New Englanders had been steadily encroaching on land the Indians needed to survive.
According to the Puritan doctrine of predestination, how could one achieve salvation after death?
Puritans could do nothing to alter God's ruling on their fate.
King Philip's War (1676) left New England settlers with
an enduring hatred of Indians.
The Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade in order to
yield revenues for the crown and English merchants.
What did members of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, believe?
God spoke to each individual through an ìinner light.î
How did Roger Williams gain notoriety in New England?
He challenged the religious leadership of Massachusetts's powerful men.
Who argued that the Puritans should be ìa city upon a hillî that would inspire the rest of the world?
John Winthrop
The creation of New York led indirectly to the founding of
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
What major change occurred in New Netherland in 1664?
New Netherland became New York.
The majority of accused witches came from which segment of the population?
Older women
Who served as leaders of Quaker congregations?
Ordinary men and women
Which factor allowed New England's population continue to grow steadily during the seventeenth century?
The cold weather minimized the spread of life-threatening illnesses.
What characterized colonial commerce by the end of the seventeenth century?
Strong ties to England because of royal supervision of merchants and shippers
In 1686, England created the Dominion of New England, a new government consolidation that
placed all colonies north of Maryland under more direct control by England.
New England Puritanism owed its religious roots to the
Protestant Reformation of the early sixteenth century.
Which colony attracted dissenters through the protection of ìLiberty of Conscience?î
Rhode Island
Why did the English continue the Dutch policy of religious toleration in New York?
The diversity of the population prevented them from imposing a uniform religion.
The official Indian policy in seventeenth-century Pennsylvania
instructed agents to respect the land claims of nearby tribes.
By the 1680s, New England's religious consensus had weakened to the point that
only 15 percent of adult males were church members in some towns.
In 1688, the Glorious Revolution in England influenced American colonists to
rise up against royal authority in the northern colonies.
Which statement characterizes Puritan communities in the first half of the seventeenth century?
A high degree of religious conformity
What did English Puritans emphasize instead of Catholic rituals?
A personal relationship with God
How did Puritans view Quakers?
As dangerous to the Puritan faith and social order
Which factor contributed to Charles II's making William Penn the proprietor of a new colony?
Charles II hoped to rid England of Quakers.
What consequence did religious toleration in Quaker-dominated Pennsylvania have for colonists?
Colonists did not have to pay taxes to maintain a state-supported church.
What problem did the Halfway Covenant address?
Declining church membership
What did King William's War, an attack by Great Lakes and Canadian French forces on villages in New England and New York, demonstrate to the American colonists?
English military protection from hostile neighbors was still valuable.
How did the Boston church punish Anne Hutchinson?
Excommunication
What was seventeenth-century New England's biggest export?
Fish
How did King Henry VIII respond to the Protestant Reformation?
He made himself the head of the Church of England.
How did Anne Hutchinson stir religious controversy in early Massachusetts?
Hutchinson preached that many of the colony's leaders affirmed the covenant of works.
Why was the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company unique?
It allowed the government of the company to be located in the colony.
Why did Puritans keep churches out of the civil government of New England?
Puritans did not want to emulate the Church of England.
Which statement characterizes sixteenth-century English Puritanism?
Puritans wanted to rid the Church of England of many features of Catholicism.
How did Puritans react when King Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629?
They prepared to leave England because they had lost their political voice.
What happened to Puritans in England during the mid-seventeenth century?
They ruled the nation from 1649 to 1660.
What was William Penn's goal for his new colony?
To establish a genuinely Quaker colony in the Americas
What was the goal of the Puritans who founded Massachusetts Bay colony?
To reform the Church of England
What became the defining characteristic of Massachusetts citizenship after it became a royal colony in 1691?
Wealth
Unlike most other immigrant groups in American history, the migration to Puritan New England included
a great number of complete families.
Widespread political participation of males in New England town meetings led to
a reinforcement of community conformity.
Compared to the colonies to the north and south, the population of New Netherland was
diverse.
After having spent a great deal of time with Native Americans, Roger Williams believed
that Indian religion and culture was as good as that of the Puritans.
The Puritans, who described themselves as Separatists, believed that
the Church of England was corrupt beyond redemption.
Most Puritans who settled Massachusetts Bay colony were either farmers or
tradesmen.
During most of the seventeenth century, New Netherland was
under the control of the Dutch.
Who left Massachusetts for Connecticut in 1636 after clashing with church leaders over the requirements for church membership?
Thomas Hooker