Chapter 5

the sugar act differed from earlier reguations, such as the Navigation acts in which of the following ways

it taxed for the purpose of collecting revenue from Americans

Richard Henry Lee

leader of the American Revolution who proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American colonies (1732-1794)

Washington's wartime strategy was shaped by his decision to

maintain a regular, well-trained army

Which of the following didn't occur as a part of the stamp act crisis

massachusets reacted so bitterly that the british imposed the coercive acts

In December 1775 Parliament passed the___- to cut off all American trade.

prohibitory act

in negotiating the Treaty of paris the american delegation

proved effective and gained much more than independence

no taxation without representation

reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament

with common sense Thomas Paine persuaded many Americans to

seek above all else a peaceful resolution with the parent country

While repealing the Townshend duties, the North ministry retained a tax on tea to

symbolize parliaments power to tax americans

Townshend Revenue act

tax to be placed on tea, glass, and paper. revenues raised be used to pay crown officials in the colonies. The writ of assistance was a general license to search anywhere, rather than a judge's warrant permitting a search only of a specifically named property. Lord Frederick North as the new prime minister urged Parliament to repeal the townshend acts because of their effect. A small tax on tea was retained as a symbol of Parliament's right to tax the colonies

Patriots were ______. they were also known as the ____-

the colonists who wanted and were ready to fight, Whigs

declaration of independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

The American religious perspective on government originated in

the great awakening

natural rights

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

The Association

A military organization formed by Benjamin Franklin which formed fighting units in Pennsylvania and erected two batteries on the Delaware River.

in disputes with the colonies the Parliament demonstrated

ignorance and misunderstanding of American conditions

intolerable acts

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

Coercive Acts

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soilders in their own homes.

Stamp Act Congress

group of colonists who protested the Stamp Act, saying that Parliament couldn't tax without colonist' consent

Sugar Act

halved the duty on foreign made molasses, placed duties on certain imports, and strenghtened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court

. The___established a civil government for a Canadian province that included land as far south as the Ohio River.

Quebec Act

Declatory Act

1766: , after parliament repealed the Stamp Act, the prime minister passed this act that confirmed parliamentary authority over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever", but the Americans paid little attention to this.

Declatory act

1766: , after parliament repealed the Stamp Act, the prime minister passed this act that confirmed parliamentary authority over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever", but the Americans paid little attention to this.

John Adams

2nd President of the United States (1735-1826)

Sons of liberty

A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

Samuel Adams

American Revolutionary leader and patriot

Thomas Paine

American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)

King's mountain

American backwoodsmen defeated British regulars and Loyalist raiders

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

loyalists were _______________. they were also known as the _______

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence, Tories

Nathanael Greene

American general of Rhode Island, helped to turn the tide against Cornwallis and his British army, used geography of land

John Hancock

American revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress

the british southern strategy set off a ferocious conflict between

American troops and Tory raiders

Saratoga

Americans convinced the French of the patriots' power and resolve

The Battle of Camden

An awesome battle that the American army lost, but it was still awesome cuz we kinda live where it takes place like yeah man like totally....

George Grenville

Became prime minister of Britain in 1763 he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling.

Who was not at the first continental congress?

Ben Franklin

admiralty courts

British courts originally established to try cases involving smuggling or violations of the Navigation Acts which the British government sometimes used to try American criminals in the colonies. Trials in Admiralty Courts were heard by judges without a jury.

John Burgoyne

British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792)

Horatio Gates

Burgoyne was forced to surrender his command to this American general on October 17,1777 at the battle of Saratoga.

Charleston

Clinton and Cornwallis tried to take the south with the capture of this city and six thousand american troops

The first blows of the American Revolution came at Lexington and .

Concord

first continental congress

Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence

William Howe

During the summer of 1776, he led hundreds of British ships and 32,000 British soldiers to New York, and offered Congress the choice between surrender with royal pardon and a battle against the odds, and despite having far fewer troops, the Americans rejected the offer.

Parliament passed the Tea Act to save the.

East India Company

Earl of Bute

Educated George III and convinced him that he shouldn't let William Pitt go to the Peace of Paris and punish the French, because this would upset the Balance of Power in Europe and convince the other nations of Europe that they should ally with the French against the British. He went to Paris instead of Pitt and his mishandlings are the reason for the English not getting anything from the war.

After street violence flared in response to the Stamp Act, colonial leaders avoided giving the lower classes any role in the struggle against the British.

False

Americans accepted the expense of the British army stationed in North America because it protected them from the Indians.

False

By the end of the Revolutionary War, the Americans had adopted, implemented, and exercised their republican form of government.

False

Customs commissioners appointed by Townshend taxed common Americans, but permitted wealthy colonials to escape payment of duties

False

George III's indifference to colonial and other governmental affairs angered his American subjects

False

Many colonial leaders believed that only virtue could protect liberty from power and that Americans were more virtuous than the English

False

The British underestimated American commitment to politcal ideals

False

in 1772, Rhode Islanders destroyed a British customs vessel, the .

Gaspee

Hessians

German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty.

mercanaries

Hired foreign soldiers

The American Congress sent Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and ____ to negotiate peace with Britain.

John Adams

King George III

King of England during the American Revolution

Navigation Acts

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

Olive branch petition

On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies.

prohibitory act

On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed this forbidding all further trade with the colonies.

committees of correspondence

Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies

Lord North

Prime Minister of England from 1770 to 1782. Although he repealed the Townshend Acts, he generally went along with King George III's repressive policies towards the colonies even though he personally considered them wrong. He hoped for an early peace during the Revolutionary War and resigned after Cornwallis' surrender in 1781.

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five americans

second continental congress

They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence

Which list places events in a correct chronological order?

Townshend duties, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Coercive Act

Treaty of Paris of 1783

Treaty Between England and the Colonies , formally ended the American Revolutionary War

The Second continental congress insisted on a declaration of independence befor assuming control of the american war effort

True

The imperial crisis that followed the french and Indian war forced Americans to define and develop their principles of representative government

True

Trenton

Washington suprised sleeping Hessians at a British outpost

Benedict Arnold

United States general and traitor in the American Revolution

. Patrick Henry introduced the____ which held that Virginians could be taxed only by their own representatives in the colonial assembly

Virgina Resolves

George Washington

Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States.

Yorktown

Washington defeated Cornwallis in the last major battle of the revolution

parlimentary sovereignty

a concept in the constitutional law of some parliamentary democracies. In the concept of parliamentary sovereignty, a legislative body has absolute sovereignty, meaning it is supreme to all other government institutions—including any executive (government) or judicial bodies

boycott

a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies

In the period preceding the American Revolution, colonial women assisted the resistance to the British by helping to enforce _____

boycotts

common sense

a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Stamp Act

an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

Quartering Act

an act passed by the British that allowed British troops to live in the homes of the colonists

mercantilism

an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests

Revenue Act of 1764

called the Sugar Act, reduced the duty on foreign molasses from 6 pence/gallon to 3 pence /gallon & by 1766, 1 pence/gallon. This was mainly done to increase revenue rather than regulate trade. It also put duties on foreign textiles, wines, coffee, indigo, & sugar.

Samuel Adams hoped to create in America a ____an ideal commonwealth of virtuous citizens.

christian sparta

nonimportation agreement

colonists agreed not to import goods taxed by England

Charles Cornwallis

commander of the British forces in the American War of Independence

Board of Trade

commissioned by King William III of England to supervise commerce, recommend appointments of colonial officials, and review colonial laws to see that none interfered with trade or conflicted with the laws of England

the continental congress called in response to teh coercive acts to established the association to

cut off all trade with Great Britain

Boston Tea Party

demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor

Pontiac

famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British (1715-1769)

Quebec Acts

former French subjects in Canada allowed to keep Catholicism, while American colonists expected to participate in the Church of England

Charles Townshend

government official, close to the king, likeable, sponsored taxes, "Champagne Charlie", sponsored taxes for: lead, glass, paper, paint & tea,

The British march on Concord led to the mobilization of special massachusets minutemen called

minutemen

When the british left troops in america following the seven years war, colonists

opposed the redcoats for obstructing economic development

which was NOT an important military problem for the British

poorly disciplined and badly trained troop

many of the american loyalists fled their homeland to settle in London where

they were treated as second class

After the gentry initiated the American rebellion, the common folk

took for themseles a greater role in public affairs

Baron von Steuben

volunteer, general in Prussia,offered help to Patriots after Washington won the battles at Trenton & Princeton, arrived at Valley Forge in the spring of 1778