Chapter 5
_______ is characterized by a too-low body temperature, while _______ is characterized by a too-high body temperature. A) Hypothermia; hyperthermia B) Hyperthermia; hypothermia
A
Which are alternate names for the skin? Choose all that apply. A) Integument B) Peritoneum C) Cutaneous membrane D) Synovial membrane
A, C
Which of the following are parts of the inflammatory response in skin? Check all that apply. A) Redness B) Rapid clotting C) Pain D) Vasoconstriction
A, C
Which of the following are considered to be regions of the skin? Check all that apply. A) Hypodermis B) Epidermis C) Dermis D) Adipose
B, C
Which are functions of the skin? Choose all that apply. A) Produce body heat B) Prevent water loss C) Excrete excess water D) Eliminate ammonia, urea
B, C, D
Which are functions of melanin? Choose all that apply. A) It acts as a vitamin, helping with calcium absorption. B) It acts as a shield, absorbing UV rays. C) It is secreted onto the surface of the skin. D) It is responsible for most of skin color.
B, D
Which describe the epidermis? Choose all that apply. A) It is made of simple squamous epithelium. B) It is made of stratified squamous epithelium. C) It is richly vascularized. D) It is avascular.
B, D
Which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? A) Basal cell carcinoma B) Squamous cell carcinoma C) Melanoma D) Both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
C
Which of the following types of cells are NOT found in the epidermis? A) Squamousepithelial cells B) Langerhans cells C) Red bloodcells D) Melanocytes
C
Which pair of terms is INCORRECT? A) A - asymmetry B) C - color C) D - depth D) E - evolving E) B - border regularity
C
Athlete's foot is A) a bacterial infection. B) caused by over keratinization. C) caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D) a fungal infection.
D
In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing? A) Stratumcorneum B) Stratumlucidum C) Stratum dermis D) Stratum basale
D
Severe burns can result in A) fluid loss. B) heat loss. C) bacterial infection. D) All apply.
D
The arrector pili muscle A) is a smooth muscle. B) causes hair to "stand on end." C) contracts when cold, forming goose bumps. D) All apply.
D
The dermis is composed mostly of A) stratified squamous epithelium. B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium. C) loose connective tissue. D) dense irregular connective tissue.
D
What is the function of Langerhans cells? A) Water-proofing B) UV protection C) Register pain D) Phagocytize microbes
D
What is the function of a blood clot? A) Prevents bloodloss B) Prevents toxins from entering other tissues C) Prevents pathogens from entering other tissue D) All apply.
D
What type of skin gland secretes earwax? A) Sebaceous gland B) Eccrine sweat gland C) Apocrine sweat gland D) Ceruminous gland
D
Which consists of keratinized cells? A) Hair B) Nails C) Stratum corneum D) All apply.
D
Which layer of the epidermis protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin? A) Stratum basale B) Hypodermis C) Stratumcorneum D) Stratumlucidum
D
Which of the following explains why people get gray hair as they age? A) Collagen decreases in quantity and function with aging. B) Sebaceous glands decrease in number and function with aging. C) Hair follicles atrophy and decrease in function with aging. D) Melanocytes decrease in function with aging.
D
An adult with third-degree burns over 15% of their body would NOT be considered critical. ⊚ true ⊚ false
FALSE An adult with third-degree burns over 10% or more of their body would be considered critical.
Another name for hives is psoriasis. ⊚ true ⊚ false
FALSE Another name for hives is urticaria.
Mammary glands secrete cerumen. ⊚ true ⊚ false
FALSE Mammory glands secrete milk; cerumen is earwax.
The ABCDE rule is used to determine the skin area involved in a burn. ⊚ true ⊚ false
FALSE The ABCDE rule is used to determine signs of melanoma skin cancer.
The papillae found in the superficial hypodermiscreate the unique fingerprints of individuals. ⊚ true ⊚ false
FALSE The dermal papillae, found in the papillary layer of the dermis, create the unique fingerprints of individuals.
The hypodermis consists mostly of A) adipose tissue. B) dense regular connective tissue. C) dense irregular connective tissue. D) stratified squamous epithelium.
A
The inability to produce melanin leads to A) albinism. B) cyanosis. C) decubitus. D) alopecia.
A
The loss of hair is termed A) alopecia. B) hirsutism. C) cyanosis. D) albinism.
A
The papillae are located in the ______ layer of the dermis. A) superficial B) deep
A
The skin is waterproof, not allowing water to come in or out. Which protein is most responsible for this property? A) Keratin B) Melanin C) Carotene D) Sebum
A
The structure in which cells repeatedly divide to produce new cells that form a hair is the A) hair matrix. B) lunula. C) hair shaft. D) Merkel region.
A
We constantly shed dead skin cells into the environment. From which epidermal layer do the cells shed? A) Stratum corneum B) Stratum lucidum C) Stratum basale D) Papillary layer E) Stratum granulosum
A
What condition is described by high temperature, low blood pressure, and profuse sweating? A) Heat exhaustion B) Heat stroke C) Fever D) Hypothermia
A
What in the skin contracts when environmental temperatures decrease? A) Arrector pili B) Sweat glands C) Sebaceous glands D) Hair
A
What type of skin cancer is seen most often in patients with AIDS? A) Kaposi's sarcoma B) Basal cell carcinoma C) Melanoma D) Squamous cell carcinoma
A
When body temperature soars to as high as 110 degrees F, and sweating ceases, the patient is said to have A) heat stroke. B) heat exhaustion. C) fever. D) hypothermia.
A
When one walks into a cold room, exposed skin will experience A) dermal vasoconstriction. B) dermal vasodilation. C) epidermal vasoconstriction. D) increased sweat gland activity.
A
Which cell type is the most numerous in the epidermis? A) Keratinocytes B) Melanocytes C) Merkel cells D) Langerhans cells
A
Which is the correct list of the strata of the epidermis, in order? A) Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale B) Corneum, lucidum, spinosum, granulosum, basale C) Lucidum, corneum, spinosum, granulosum, basale D) Basale, lucidum, corneum, granulosum, spinosum
A
Which of the following allows movement of muscles and joints and maintains normal skin tension? A) Elastic fibers B) Collagen fibers C) Sensory fibers D) Dermal papillae
A
Which of the following describes rickets? A) It is characterized by soft, deformed bones. B) It is a skin disease caused by too much calcitriol. C) It is characterized by excessive shivering. D) It results in abnormal water loss through skin.
A
Which of the following does not normally occur with hypothermia? A) Deep breathing B) Shivering C) Hallucinations D) Slow heart rate E) Incoherent speech
A
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation as seen in a skin injury? A) Pallor B) Swelling C) Redness D) Pain
A
Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer? A) Basal cell carcinoma B) Squamous cell carcinoma C) Melanoma D) Kaposi's sarcoma
A
Which of the these pairs is incorrectly match A) Hair follicle - smooth muscle that contracts to move the hair B) Hair shaft - the part of the hair beyond the skin C) Hair root - the part of the hair buried in the skin D) Hair matrix - the growth center of the hair
A
Which statement best describes how the skin works with the nervous system? A) Neurons detect sensations and control glands and arrector pili. B) Neurons control clot formation and inflammation. C) Neurons detect the presence of bacteria and viruses. D) Neurons stimulate melanocytes to change the pigment of the skin.
A
Which type of gland functions to cool the body with its secretions? A) Eccrine B) Apocrine C) Sebaceous D) Ceruminous
A
Blistering occurs with a second-degree burn. ⊚ true ⊚ false
TRUE
Exposure to sunlight is a significant risk factor for development of skin cancer. ⊚ true ⊚ false
TRUE
Sebum is oily and acidic. ⊚ true ⊚ false
TRUE
The skin is both an organ and an organ system. ⊚ true ⊚ false
TRUE
Typically, the amount of adipose in the hypodermis decreases in the elderly. ⊚ true ⊚ false
TRUE
Water evaporation occurs on the skin as a result of both sensible and insensible perspiration. ⊚ true ⊚ false
TRUE
Squamous cell carcinoma originates in the A) superficial epidermis. B) deepest layer of the epidermis. C) superficial dermis. D) deepest layer of the dermis.
A
A condition described by excessive body and facial hair in women is A) hirsutism. B) decubitus ulcer. C) scabies. D) alopecia.
A
Flexion creases are where A) skin attaches to joints of the fingers. B) skin attaches to flexor muscles. C) skin does not have a dermal layer. D) arrector pili muscles flex skin hairs.
A
How does the skin work closely with the skeletal system? A) It produces vitamin D. B) It produces sweat. C) It stores fat. D) It protects against infection.
A
Hyperthermia that is brought on by a bacterial infection is called A) fever. B) hypothermia. C) cyanosis. D) sweating.
A
Impetigo is A) a bacterial infection resulting in crusty pustules. B) caused by over keratinization. C) overactive cell division. D) a fungal infection.
A
Only the epidermis is damaged in a A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. D) fourth-degree burn.
A
Poorly oxygenated blood in the dermis will cause an individual's skin to appear A) cyanotic. B) jaundiced. C) pale. D) pink.
A
Sebaceous glands secrete A) sebum. B) cerumen. C) sweat. D) breast milk.
A
Along with sweat glands, what actively regulate body temperature? A) Langerhans cells B) Blood vessels C) Sebaceous glands D) All apply.
B
Continuous pressure that reduces blood supply to the skin can result in a(n) A) urticaria. B) decubitus ulcer. C) hirsutism. D) callus.
B
Dandruff is A) a viral infection of the scalp. B) caused by over keratinization. C) caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D) a fungal infection of the scalp.
B
Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the A) epidermis. B) dermis. C) hypodermis. D) dermis and hypodermis.
B
In the ABCDE rule for melanoma, "B" stands for A) bloody discharge. B) borders that are irregular. C) burning feeling. D) brightly colored.
B
Reduced blood flow into the dermis will cause A) cyanosis. B) pallor. C) blushing. D) jaundice.
B
The epidermis and par A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. D) fourth-degree burn.
B
The integumentary system works closely with the _______ system to protect the body against infection. A) renal B) lymphatic C) digestive D) reproductive
B
Vitamin D is needed by the body to A) form keratin. B) absorb calcium from food. C) make blood cells. D) help the skin tan.
B
What type of skin gland secretes sweat? A) Sebaceous gland B) Sudoriferous gland C) Ceruminous gland D) Mammary gland
B
When a healthcare provider delivers a subcutaneous injection with a hypodermic needle, what types of tissue are immediately around the tip of the needle? A) Dense regular connective and epithelial B) Areolar and adipose C) Simple squamous and reticular D) Stratified columnar and dense irregular
B
Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface? A) Stratumlucidum B) Stratumcorneum C) Dermis D) Stratum basale
B
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels AND nerve fibers? A) Epidermis B) Dermis C) Epidermis and dermis
B
Which of the following helps explain why elderly people have trouble with thermoregulation? A) Their skin has less collagen. B) They have fewer sweat glands. C) They have fewer sebaceous glands. D) The epidermis becomes thinner.
B
Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching and gives it strength? A) Melanin B) Collagen fibers C) Adipose tissue D) Elastic fibers
B
Which type of skin gland becomes active with puberty? A) Ceruminous gland B) Apocrine sweat gland C) Eccrine sweat gland D) Both ceruminous and eccrine sweat glands.
B
Which types of glands open into hair follicles? A) Sebaceous glands and eccrine glands B) Apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands C) Eccrine sweat glands and ceruminous glands D) Sudoriferous glands and endocrine glands
B
__________ glands open into hair follicles in the anal region, groin, and armpits. A) Sebaceous B) Apocrine C) Eccrine D) Ceruminous
B
A person with no color in their skin, hair, or eyes has A) melanoma. B) jaundice. C) albinism. D) a hematoma.
C
An inflammation of sebaceous glands that occurs during adolescence is A) impetigo. B) psoriasis. C) acne vulgaris. D) decubitus ulcer.
C
Compared to basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma is A) more common and more likely to spread. B) more common but less likely to spread. C) less common but more likely to spread. D) less common and less likely to spread.
C
Eczema is A) a bacterial infection. B) caused by over keratinization. C) caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D) caused by overactive cell division giving silvery scales.
C
Merkel cells detect sensations of A) pain. B) deep pressure. C) touch. D) temperature.
C
Pain might not immediately be felt from a full-thickness burn that destroys pain receptors, such as a A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. D) sunburn.
C
The area of rapidly dividing cells in the nail base is the A) cuticle. B) nail bed. C) lunula. D) follicle.
C
The epidermis and dermis make up the A) serous membrane. B) subcutaneous membrane. C) integument. D) hypodermis.
C
What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin? A) They become softer and more pliable. B) They divide more. C) They die. D) They become dermal cells.
C
What is NOT a function of fibroblasts in wound healing? A) Bring about scar formation B) Promote tissue regeneration C) Fight infections D) Pull the margins of wound together
C
What is a scar mostly composed of? A) Epithelium B) Blood clot C) Collagen fibers D) Areolar tissue
C
What is needed to produce vitamin D? A) Calcium B) Sebum C) Ultraviolet light D) Melanin
C
What percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned their left arm, front of the trunk, and the front of their left leg? A) 45% B) 40.5% C) 36% D) 31.5%
C