Chapter 5

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?

active transport

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ________.

metabolism

Humans convert approximately ________ of the energy stored in food to useful work

34%

Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system?

entropy

How many kilocalories (not calories) are required to raise 354 grams of water 13 degrees Celsius? Answer to 3 decimal places. If your answer does not come out to 3 decimal places, add zeroes to get to 3 places (example 4.5=4.500) Do not include a label.

4.602

How many kilocalories (not calories) are required to raise 1967 grams of water 31 degrees Celsius?

60.977

On a lab bench, there are four balloons filled with identical volumes of different salt solutions: 0% (balloon A), 5% (balloon B), 10% (balloon C), and 15% (balloon D). There are also four beakers each filled with identical volumes of a 10% salt solution. The balloons are semi-permeable; that is, only water can enter and exit the balloon. All four balloons are placed in separate beakers at the same time and are allowed to come to equilibrium. Which is the correct order of balloon volumes at equilibrium, from largest to smallest?

A < B < C < D

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?

ATP

What molecules are scientists currently trying to use to power nanotechnology devices, such as microscopic robots?

Enzymes

An enzyme's function is most dependent on its ________.

Shape

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE?

The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker?

The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.

In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ________. plasmolysis-the shrinking of the cytoplasm of the cell away from the cell wall due to water loss via osmosis turgid- swelling of a cell, to the point of becoming rigid or inflexible flaccid- neither swollen, nor shrunken

become turgid

The two enzyme inhibitor mechanisms are

blocking the active site and changing the shape of the active site

After ATP releases energy, it can regain its original chemical nature

by adding a phosphate to ADP

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ________.

chemical energy into kinetic energy

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ________.

conservation of energy

Examine the cells below. Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ________.

expand

In the analogy of the human body and the car, which of these comparisons is NOT true?

fuel: octane and cellulose

An object at rest has no ________ energy, but it may have ________ energy resulting from its location or structure.

kinetic... potential

the act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________.

phagocytosis

Usually, enzymes are ________.

proteins

Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose

sucrase

What is energy?

the capacity to cause change

Osmosis can be defined as ________.

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane