Chapter 5 Anatomy TEST

The spine contains _____ vertebrae.

33

At what age do the body's systems typically begin to decline?

41 years

Late adulthood is considered to begin at _____ years of age.

61

Which of the following statements regarding the ribs is correct?

All 12 pairs of ribs are attached posteriorly to the spinal column.

Which of the following is NOT an upper airway structure?

Alveoli

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents is correct?

An adolescent will test the limits of authority.

Tendons function by:

Attaching muscles to the bones.

The location of a lateral body part is:

Away from the midline of the body.

The shoulder is an example of a:

Ball-and-socket joint.

Which of the following sets of vital signs is typical for an otherwise healthy adult?

Blood pressure, 110/60 mm Hg; pulse, 70 beats/min; respirations, 16 breaths/min

Thinking, breathing, heartbeat, and digestion are central functions of the:

Brain

The central nervous system is composed of the:

Brain and spinal cord.

The primary function of the digestive system is to:

Break down food into a form that can be carried to the body's cells.

The respiratory system functions by:

Bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.

The airway within the lungs branches into narrower and narrower passages called:

Bronchioles

A specialized type of muscle that is found only in the heart is called:

Cardiac muscle.

A young man sustained a stab wound to the artery in the neck. To control the bleeding from this injury, you should apply pressure to the:

Carotid artery

The spinal cord is a group of nerves that:

Carries messages to and from the brain.

In contrast to veins, arteries:

Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

The sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.

Each shoulder girdle consists of the:

Clavicle, scapula, and humerus.

On the human body, proximal means:

Close to the point where an arm or leg is attached.

When the body gets too cold, the blood vessels:

Constrict to shunt warm blood to the body's core.

Air is inhaled into the lungs when the diaphragm:

Contracts and moves downward in the chest

Which layer of the skin contains sensory nerves and sweat glands?

Dermis

White blood cells are responsible for:

Devouring disease-causing organisms.

A fracture of a femur in a location farthest away from the hip is:

Distal.

A 40-year-old woman has an injury to the midshaft humerus following a motor vehicle crash. What major joint is immediately distal to her injury?

Elbow

The structure that prevents food or liquid from entering the larynx is called the:

Epiglottis.

Factors that increase a person's vital signs include:

Excess body weight.

Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Facilitating strength and agility.

The _________ artery produces a pulse at the groin.

Femoral

The term "anterior" refers to the:

Front.

Which of the following statements regarding fused joints is correct?

Fused joints do not permit movement between the bone ends.

The bone of the upper arm is called the _________, and the bones of the forearm are called the _________ and _________.

Humerus, radius, ulna

While you treat an elderly patient, he tells you that he bleeds easily. Which of the following would MOST likely cause this?

Inadequate platelet count

Between the ages of 1 and 3 years, a child:

Is at high risk for falls because of poor coordination and balance.

What role does insulin play in the body?

It aids in the body's use of glucose.

The skin is a protective barrier against bacteria and viruses unless:

It is injured.

The removal of waste products from the body begins in the:

Kidneys.

In relation to the nose, the eyes are:

Lateral

Fibrous bands that connect bones to each other are called:

Ligaments

Bile is produced by the __________ and is stored in the ___________.

Liver, gallbladder

After delivering a trauma patient to the hospital, you later learn that the patient had an injury to his lower back. Which spinal vertebrae were MOST likely injured?

Lumbar

The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart because it:

Must pump blood throughout the entire body.

An egg matures in the __________ and travels to the ___________ via the __________.

Ovary, uterus, fallopian tube

Insulin is produced by the:

Pancreas

The organ that delivers sperm to fertilize the female egg is called the:

Penis

The nerve fibers outside the brain and spinal cord make up the:

Peripheral nervous system.

The xiphoid process is the:

Pointed structure at the bottom of the sternum.

All of the following are functions of the skin, EXCEPT:

Producing sweat when body temperature falls.

The function of the right ventricle is to:

Pump blood to the lungs.

The circulatory system is responsible for:

Pumping blood through the body.

The oxygen-carrying component of the blood is/are:

Red blood cells.

Which organs are protected by the pelvis?

Reproductive organs

After blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, it:

Returns to the left side of the heart.

When nerves send signals to the brain about what is happening to the body, the brain:

Sends signals to the body in response to the sensory signals it received.

Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle is correct?

Skeletal muscles provide voluntary muscle movement.

The major bones of the head include the:

Skull and lower jawbone.

Which type of muscle carries out many of the body's automatic functions?

Smooth muscle

Which of the following statements regarding capillaries is correct?

Some capillaries are so small that only one blood cell at a time can pass through them.

A patient is in the anatomic position when he or she is:

Standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward.

Which of the following is NOT a female reproductive organ?

Testes

The rate of a person's breathing increases when:

The body generates additional carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements is correct?

The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body.

Expiration occurs when:

The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward in the chest.

The 11th and 12th ribs are:

The floating ribs and are attached to the spine.

Which of the following statements about the skull is correct?

The skull forms a hollow sphere that contains and protects the brain.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The wrist is distal to the elbow.

The leg consists of the:

Tibia and fibula.

During your assessment of a 21-year-old man who fell from a roof, you note the presence of bruising on the medial aspect of the anterior trunk. What part of the body is this describing?

Toward the midline on the front part of the torso

Which bone is located on the medial aspect of the forearm?

Ulna

Urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder via the:

Ureters

Thin-walled vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called:

Veins

Which of the following statements regarding a child's airway is correct?

Very young infants can breathe only through their noses.

A pulse is felt:

When a wave of pressure is created by the heart as it forces blood into the arteries.

The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen occurs:

Without conscious effort on your part