Chapter 5 and 6- Human disease

The medical term for cradle cap is _________________. A. seborrhea capitis B. atopic dermatitis C. contact dermatitis D. pruritus

A. seborrhea capitis

Treatment and prevention of swimmer's ear includes: A. thoroughly cleaning and drying the ear after swimming. B. antihistamines. C. antifungal cream. D. myringotomy

A. thoroughly cleaning and drying the ear after swimming.

What is the primary symptom of refractive errors?

Blurred vision is the primary symptom of refractive errors.

Most common cause of cataracts?

Opacification of the lens that is caused by the aging process

tympanic membrane

The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.

The canal that leads from the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

eustachian tube

Exudate

fluid released from the body containing high concentration of protein, cells, or solid wastes

comedo

mass of sebum, keratin, and debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle

retinopathy

noninflammatory eye disorder resulting from changes in the retinal blood vessels. Leading cause of blindness

An inflammation of the thin, transparent membrane covering the visible portion of the sclera and lining the inside of the eyelids results in which condition? A. Conjunctivitis B. Choroiditis C. Corneal abrasion D. Lens distortion

A. Conjunctivitis

A person experiencing early symptoms of retinal detachment will have which symptoms? A. New floaters and light flashes B. Purulent drainage C. Redness of the eye and a gritty feeling D. Ringing in the ears

A. New floaters and light flashes

_______ occurs when a chemical causes damage to the acoustic nerve or inner ear. A. Ototoxicity B. Cholesteatoma C. Labyrinthitis D. Seborrhea

A. Ototoxicity

_____ is a chronic skin condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with characteristic white, silvery scales. A. Psoriasis B. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) C. Impetigo D. Seborrheic dermatitis

A. Psoriasis

Identify the outermost layer of tough fibrous connective tissue that is visible as the white of the eye. A. Sclera B. Cornea C. Retina D. Iris

A. Sclera

Identify the condition that occurs in a bandlike unilateral pattern along the course dermatomes. A. Shingles B. Impetigo C. Furuncles D. Vitiligo

A. Shingles

_____ is a serious form of skin cancer that often ulcerates, forms a crust, and has a tendency to metastasize if allowed to reach an advanced stage. A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Basal cell carcinoma C. Malignant melanoma D. Actinic keratosis

A. Squamous cell carcinoma

Which is the etiology of an inflammatory infection of the hair follicles of the eyelid called hordeolum (styes)? A. Staphylococcal bacteria B. Entropion C. Keratitis D. None of the answer options

A. Staphylococcal bacteria. Styes are associated with blepharitis and usually secondary to it.

Alopecia is known as ______________________. A. baldness B. wrinkle reduction C. fungal infection D. nevus flammeus

A. baldness

Folliculitis is an inflammation of A. hair follicles. B. sebaceous glands. C. fissure. D. comedo.

A. hair follicles.

Blepharitis is defined as A. inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands. B. inflammation or infection of the cornea. C. drooping of the upper eyelid. D. None of the answer option

A. inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands.

Warts, a cutaneous manifestation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, are A. localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis. B. inflammatory reactions of the hair follicles. C. spread by touch or contact with skin shed from a wart. D. also termed vitiligo.

A. localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis.

The most common premalignant tumors are A. nevi. B. skin tags. C. epidermal cysts. D. Keloids.

A. nevi.

What is the diagnostic procedure used to reveal the presence of a fluid-filled middle ear? A. otoscopy. B. retinoscope. C. audiometry. D. audiogram

A. otoscopy.

Meniere's disease

Abnormal condition within the labyrinth of the inner ear that can lead to a progressive loss of hearing. The symptoms are dizziness or vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears).

_____ is a type of inflammation of skin that tends to occur in persons with a family history of allergic conditions. A. Psoriasis B. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) C. Impetigo D. Seborrheic dermatitis

B. Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Which transparent structure uses its curvature to help focus the light rays above entering the eye? A. Sclera B. Cornea C. Retina D. Choroid

B. Cornea

Which term refers to dark pigment found in the basal layer of skin? A. Paronychia B. Melanin C. Sebum D. Melasma

B. Melanin

Which treatments are used for cellulitis? A. Incision and drainage B. Immobilization, elevation, compresses, and antibiotics C. Antifungal medications D. All of the answer options

B. Immobilization, elevation, compresses, and antibiotics

Conjunctivitis can be caused by which problem? A. A deterioration of the lens B. Infection, irritation, allergies, or chemicals C. Hemorrhage behind the retina D. A drooping of the upper eyelid

B. Infection, irritation, allergies, or chemicals

Which procedure is the insertion of a tympanostomy tube into the eardrum as a treatment for otitis media? A. Electronystagmography B. Myringotomy C. Cryotherapy D. Stapedectomy

B. Myringotomy

The onset of this condition is often mistaken for a sunburn. A. Plaques B. Rosacea C. Pruritus D. Rash

B. Rosacea

___________ is the removal of diseased stapes and replacement with prosthesis. A. Mastoidectomy B. Stapedectomy C. Vitrectomy D. Trabeculectomy

B. Stapedectomy

Identify the layer of skin that insulates the body against heat loss. A. Epidermis B. Subcutaneous C. Corium D. Dermis

B. Subcutaneous

Antibiotics and topically applied keratolytic agents are appropriate treatments for _________. A. impetigo B. acne vulgaris C. eczema D. cellulitis

B. acne vulgaris

The ABCDEs of malignant melanoma include A. family history, sunburn, large moles, bleeding, and previous cancer. B. asymmetry, border, color, diameter, and elevation. C. age, brown, color, diameter, elevation. D. Asymmetry, bleeding, color, diameter, equal sides.

B. asymmetry, border, color, diameter, and elevation (evolving).

A defect in the _____ results in difficulty in visual detection of color and fine detail. A. lens B. cones C. rods D. cones and rods

B. cones Rods function best in dim light.

Meniere disease is a chronic disease of the inner ear that affects the ______. A. balance B. labyrinth C. auricle D. tympanic membrane

B. labyrinth

Infection or inflammation in the semicircular canals is called A. cholesteatoma. B. labyrinthitis. C. otomycosis. D. presbycusis.

B. labyrinthitis.

Paronychia is an infection of skin around a _____________. A. scalp B. nail C. gastrointestinal D. foot

B. nail

Papules

Firm raised areas on the skin that are reddened and elevated

Macular degeneration is A. caused by progressive deterioration in the macula of the retina. B. usually related to aging. C. Both of the answer options D. None of the answer options

C. Both of the answer option. Age-related macular degeneration is the most common cause of blindness among white people in the US.

Which diagnosis is a cloudy or opaque area in the normally clear lens of the eye? A. Stye B. Blepharitis C. Cataract D. Myopia

C. Cataract

Glaucoma is damage to which nerve? A. Acoustic B. Auditory C. Optic D. Vestibular

C. Optic

_____ is an eruption of extremely painful vesicles that occur in a bandlike unilateral pattern along the course of a peripheral nerve. A. Scabies B. Pediculosis C. Herpes zoster D. Acne vulgaris

C. Herpes zoster

The sclera, choroid, and retina are connected to the brain by which nerve? A. Acoustic B. Auditory C. Optic D. Vestibula

C. Optic

Which condition occurs when the eyeball is abnormally short as measured from front to back? A. Astigmatism B. Amblyopia C. Hyperopia D. Presbyopia

C. Hyperopia

Which of the following is caused by either streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus? A. Herpes Zoster B. Sebum C. Impetigo D. Acne Vulgaris

C. Impetigo

_____ is a common contagious superficial skin infection caused by either Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus. A. Psoriasis B. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) C. Impetigo D. Seborrheic dermatitis

C. Impetigo

Which statement(s) is/are true about nystagmus? A. Usually treated with warm compresses B. Also known as strabismus C. Necessitates a complete neurologic evaluation when acquired D. All of the answer options are true

C. Necessitates a complete neurologic evaluation when acquired. This is the repetitive or involuntary movement of one or both eyes.

Which vision impairment is a result of old age and the loss of elasticity in the lens is called? A. Astigmatism B. Emmetropia C. Presbyopia D. Diplopia

C. Presbyopia

_____ is associated with severe itching followed by the appearance of redness and an area of swelling (wheal) in a localized area of skin. A. Scabies B. Erysipelas C. Urticaria (hives) D. Psoriasis

C. Urticaria (hives)

_______ are a cutaneous manifestation of the HPV. A. Vitiligo B. Calluses C. Verrucae D. Pityriasis

C. Verrucae

Tinea pedis is also called A. ringworm. B. jock itch. C. athlete's foot. D. barber's itch.

C. athlete's foot.

Tinnitus means _____________. A. hearing loss B. pressure C. buzzing noise D. dizziness

C. buzzing noise

Sensorineural hearing loss can be treated with _______________. A. trabeculoplasty B. drainage C. cochlea implant D. eustachian tube

C. cochlea implant

Tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris are manifestations of A. pediculosis. B. scabies. C. dermatophytosis. D. erysipelas.

C. dermatophytosis.

The laypersons term for urticaria is known as _____________. A. leathery B. rash C. hives D. outbreaks

C. hives

Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the A. stapes. B. conjunctiva. C. semicircular canal. D. tympanic membrane.

C. semicircular canal.

Causes of alopecia (baldness) include A. chemotherapy and other medications. B. aging and heredity factors. C. certain systemic diseases. D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

Causes of ruptured tympanic membrane are A. infection. B. blow to the ear. C. nearby explosion. D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

The cause of sensorineural deafness also referred to as occupational hearing loss, includes: A. loud noise. B. the aging process. C. the side effects of certain medications. D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

Which factors attribute to the development of macular degeneration? A. Age B. Genetic factors C. Exposure to bright lights D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

Which symptoms are experienced when the patient has a neoplasm of the ear? A. Progressive hearing loss and discharge from the ear B. A visible mass or lesion C. Facial paralysis D. All of the answer options

D. All of the answer options

Which statement(s) is/are true regarding adult-onset macular degeneration (AMD)? A. Early evidence of AMD, such as tiny drusen, can be seen during a routine eye examination by an ophthalmologist. B. Patients with AMD may report seeing wavy lines when looking at lines that are straight. C. With progression of AMD, reading, and activities requiring sharp vision becomes impossible. D. All of the answer options are true.

D. All of the answer options are true.

The cause of acne vulgaris is A. unknown. B. thought to be linked to hormonal changes and predisposed by heredity. C. accompanied by plugs that promote the growth of bacteria in the follicles. D. All of the answer options.

D. All of the answer options.

A furuncle, or boil, is a pus-containing abscess that involves the entire ____________ and adjacent subcutaneous tissue. A. deeper tissues B. fissure C. multilayered membrane D. hair follicle

D. hair follicle

Any inflammation of the cornea is called A. Blepharitis B. Conjunctivitis C. dermatitis D. Keratitis

D. Keratitis

Identify the condition that occurs in some women during hormonal changes. A, Pregnancy B. Vitiligo C. Melanocytes D. Melasma

D. Melasma

Which statement is true about chronic open-angle glaucoma? A. Caused by a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) B. Produces symptoms at the onset C. Rarely progresses D. Most treatable cause of blindness

D. Most treatable cause of blindness

An abnormal middle ear ossicle growth is known as which of the following? A. Ankylosis B. Cholesteatoma C. Mastoiditis D. Otosclerosis

D. Otosclerosis

A chronic condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with white, silvery scales is which of the following? A. Urticaria B. Eczema C. Seborrhea D. Psoriasis

D. Psoriasis

Which structure is a light-sensitive layer made up of photo-receptive cells called rods and cones? A. Ciliary body B. Iris C. Suspensory ligaments D. Retina

D. Retina

Which condition is one of the most common skin disorders marked by an inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands? A. Psoriasis B. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) C. Impetigo D. Seborrheic dermatitis

D. Seborrheic dermatitis

_____________________ is the inflammation and resulting infection of the outer ear canal after water has been entrapped. A. Cellulitis B. Otitis media C. Otitis externa D. Swimmer's Ear

D. Swimmer's Ear

A precursor to skin cancer is A. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). B. basal cell carcinoma (BCC). C. malignant melanoma. D. actinic keratosis.

D. actinic keratosis.

The cause of herpes varicella zoster virus is __________. A. allergic reactions B. temperature extremes C. vasodilation D. chickenpox

D. chickenpox

Ototoxicity caused by drugs or chemicals affects the _____ cranial nerve. A. fifth B. sixth C. seventh D. eighth

D. eighth

The dense corium layer provides skin with ___________. A. vitamin D B. melanin C. receptors D. elasticity

D. elasticity

Three main structural layers of skin include:

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

Name the three concentric layers of the eyeball.

Sclera, choroid, retina

Keloids occur secondary to trauma or surgery. True or False

True

fissure

a crack, split, slit, or deep furrow in the tissue

blepharitis

a. inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands.

2 types of hearing loss

conductive hearing loss (impairment in the eardrum or bones in the middle ear) and sensorineural hearing loss (impairment of the cochlea or the auditory nerve)

dermatomes

configured zones of skin innervated by spinal cord segments

keratolytic

describing a substance that causes shedding of the skin

diplopia

double vision

plaques

plateau like elevated lesions greater than 0.5 cm in diameter

Functions of the skin include:

protect body from trauma, infection, and toxic chemicals, synthesizes vitamin D, houses sensory receptors, helps regulate body temperature and excretion

amblyopia

reduced vision in an eye without a detectable organic lesion

sebaceous

relating to sebum or oil

tinnitus

ringing in the ears

wheal

round temporary elevation of the skin, usually pale red with a white center

Benign skin tumors include:

seborrheic keratoses, dermatofibromas, keratoacanthomas, keloids and hypertrophic scars, epidermal cysts and acrochordons, actinic keratoses and nevi.

Vesicles

small blister like elevations of the skin containing clear fluid

tonometry

the measurement of intraocular pressure

myringotomy

the surgical incision in the eardrum performed to release fluid or pus from the middle ear

Cryotherapy

therapeutic use of cold

labyrinth

three connected tubes bent in half circles, semicircular canals, located in the inner ear; they detect movement of the head transmitting the information to the brain.

Jellylike fluid found in the cavity behind the lens of the eye.

vitreous humor