Chapter 5 Carbohydrates

_______ is defined as fiber that is added to foods and provides health benefits.

functional fiber

The body is capable of making glucose from non-carbohydrate nutrients, such as protein, by a process referred to as ________.

gluconeogenesis

The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly _________________ as fuel.

glucose

While _________ suppresses gluconeogenesis, ____________ increases glycogen breakdown.

insulin; glucagon

The principal sugar found in milk is

lactose

If no glucose is available from dietary carbohydrate, glucose in the blood may be derived from ________.

muscle glycogen and liver glycogen

Insulin is made in the ________.

pancreas

Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to

the liver

The most common type of diabetes mellitus is ________.

type 2

Usual symptoms of diabetes mellitus include ________.

weight change excessive thirst and urination blurred vision ANS: ALL of these choices are correct

Ketosis may result from ________.

All of these choices are correct

The focus on low-glycemic load foods can aid in the control of diabetes.

TRUE

Glucose, galactose, and fructose ________.

are monosaccharides

A person diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products containing ________.

aspartame

Of the total day's energy intake, most dietary guidelines recommend that carbohydrates provide _____________ of energy.

45-65%

Normal blood glucose levels range between ________.

70 and 100 mg/dL

The AI for fiber for women is ________.

25 g/day

The energy value of dietary carbohydrates is _____ kcal per gram.

4

The principal function of dietary carbohydrate is to provide ________.

Energy

Why is excess sugar consumption discouraged?

It may cause dental caries. It may cause weight gain. It lacks dietary fiber. ANS: ALL of these choices are correct

Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the most dietary fiber?

Kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk.

An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may ________

decrease risk of diabetes lower blood lipid levels decrease risk of certain cancers ANS:all of these are correct

Low blood glucose is called ____________, whereas high blood glucose is called ____________.

hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia

When increasing fiber intake, always ________.

increase fluids

The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ________.

insoulable fiber