chapter 5 film appreciation test
lighting from underneath a character, reverses the normal placement of illumination and shadows on an actors face; which distorts the way we see facial features
Halloween or bottom lighting
diagram of sets that include actor and camera positions
overheads
can include drawings of planned compositions called storyboards, diagrams of sets that include actor and camera positions, and software that creates 3D models of sets and scenarios
previzualization
used to aid filmmakers in visualizing each individual shot and to help them achieve a unified approach to shot compositions
previzualization
both an artist and an executive and is responsible for the overall design concept (individual sets, locations, furnishings, properties, and costumes) and for supervising the heads of many departments involved in creating that look
production designer
who is in charge of these departments- art, costume design and construction, hairstyling, makeup, wardrobe, location, properties, carpentry, set construction and decoration, greenery, transportation, visual effects, and special effects
production designer
any object handled by actors is considered what?
prop
works with the production designer to find and select items, then maintains each object and ensures it is ready when the actor needs it for shooting
prop master
what two categories can properties be broken into?
props and set dressing
synthetic materials attached to the actors face and body
prosthetics
what are the 4 aspects of the lighting setup?
quality ratios direction and color
breaks the frame into three vertical sections and three horizontal sections, resulting in a grid. the grid acts as a guide that filmmakers use to balance visual elements in the frame
rule of thirds
sort of cinematic interior decorator who is in charge of set dressing
set decorator
anything used to create the look of the environment in which the action takes place
set dressing
environment in which the narrative takes place
setting
diffused: the beams of light are broken up and scattered on their way from the source to the subject, low contrast
soft light
how do you measure color temperatures?
the Kelvin scale
what are the most important elements of design?
1. setting, decor and properties 2. costume, makeup and hairstyle
computer generated animated layers over live performances using motion capture technology
digital makeup
not interested in verisimilitude: design was used instead to give objective expression to subjective human feelings and emotions
German expressionism
staging or putting on an action or scene
Mise-en-Scene
when presented with lopsided composition an expectation is created that something will arrive to restore balance. technique is often used to generate suspense.
negative space
also known ad a rim light or kicker, provides highlights in the hair and along the edges of the subject. help make the decor stand out from the background
backlight
can create dramatic lighting effects, especially when its the sole source of light
backlighting
predetermined movement of actors that is planned according to the needs of the story
blocking
a shots __________________ is the organization, distribution, balance and general relationship of objects and figures, as well as light, shade, line, color and movement within frame
composition
by breaking the rule of thirds and denying our expectation of balance filmmakers create?
compositional stress
the color and textures of the interior decoration, furniture, draperies and curtains
decor
emphasizes depth by placing a significant visual and narrative information on two or more of the three planes of depth- foreground, middle ground, and background- in such a way that not only emphasizes depth but also conveys information, mood and meaning.
deep-space composition
what do you use to designate the difference in colors on the Kelvin scale
degrees
the process by which the look of the settings, objects, and actors is determined
design
what are the 4 components that make up Mis-en-Scene?
design lighting composition and movement
when a character is looking across the screen, she is typically placed on one end of the frame so that her gaze is balanced with what is called?
eye room
what 2 types of kinesis are there
figure and camera movement
anything with the potential to move within a frame
figure movement
positioned to the opposite side of the camera from the key light, adjusts the depth of the shadows created by the brighter key light. may also come from a reflector
fill light
light aimed directly at the subject, can convey figurative shallowness, facial features appear flattened, characters that lack insight or courage may be lit with with
frontal lighting
direct: the beams of light shine directly from the source to the subject, high contrast
hard light
what constitutes quality when it comes to light
hard or soft light
by framing the characters eyes at the level of the upper line, cinematographers can quickly and efficiently establish a practical and aesthetically pleasing amount of space causing?
headroom
produces an image with very little contrast between the darks and the lights is used extensively in dramas, musicals, comedies, and adventure films
high key lighting
primary source of illumination and therefore is customarily set first. positioned to one side of the camera creates deep shadows
key light
movement is also known as
kinesis
a character whose lateral screen movement is tracked by moving the camera is given __________________ on the side of 6he frame toward which she is moving
lead room
level of illumination on a subject, as compared with the depth of the corresponding shadow is called?
lighting ratio
produces harsh, gloomy atmosphere that we often seen in horror films, mysteries, crime stories and film noirs
low key lighting
why is color important with lighting?
the cinematographer needs to understand the light sources around them in order to achieve the right look
uses three sources of light, each aimed from a different direction and position in relation to the subject: key light, fill light, back light
three point system
light cast on a character from above usually looks comparatively normal
top lighting