chapter 5 part 3

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are a. barbiturates. b. amphetamines. c. opiates. d. mild hallucinogens. e. stimulants.

a

A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of a. marijuana. b. cocaine. c. LSD. d. barbiturates. e. morphine.

b

A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces a. blood pressure. b. sensitivity to pain. c. mental alertness. d. the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. e. heart rate.

b

Alcohol is considered a(n) a. stimulant. b. hallucinogen. c. depressant. d. opiate. e. both a depressant and a hallucinogen.

c

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates a. narcolepsy. b. REM rebound. c. psychological dependence. d. the pop-out phenomenon. e. dissociation.

c

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of a. REM rebound. b. age regression. c. narcolepsy. d. addiction. e. dissociation.

d

Drug tolerance refers to the a. absence of pain or anxiety following the use of a drug. b. loss of social inhibitions following drug use. c. discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of a drug. d. reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage. e. belief that drug use should be legalized.

d

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs. a. THC b. melatonin c. cortisol d. methamphetamine e. heroin

d

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called a. narcolepsy. b. dissociation. c. disinhibition. d. neuroadaptation. e. dependence.

d

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of a. withdrawal. b. dissociation. c. resistance. d. tolerance. e. narcolepsy.

d

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of a. narcolepsy. b. neuroadaptation. c. dissociation. d. physical dependence. e. REM rebound.

d

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates? a. The immune system is suppressed. b. The brain shrinks. c. The brain stops making dopamine. d. The level of serotonin is permanently decreased. e. The brain stops producing endorphins.

e

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by a. decreasing REM sleep. b. increasing anxiety. c. decreasing sleep apnea. d. increasing self-consciousness. e. decreasing tolerance.

a

Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n) a. barbiturate. b. amphetamine. c. hallucinogen. d. form of cocaine. e. opiate.

a

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal? a. anxiety b. drowsiness c. diminished appetite d. insensitivity to pain e. euphoria

a

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called a. hallucinogens. b. depressants. c. endorphins. d. amphetamines. e. dissociatives.

b

If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of a. tolerance. b. physical dependence. c. a hypnagogic state. d. psychological dependence. e. dissociation.

b

Morphine and heroin are a. amphetamines. b. opiates. c. hallucinogens. d. barbiturates. e. stimulants.

b

One of the deadly effects of Ecstasy is a. increased appetite. b. dehydration. c. lethargy. d. pupil constriction. e. decreased blood pressure.

b

Research indicates that alcohol a. impairs short-term recall of what has just been said. b. disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories. c. impairs recall of existing long-term memories. d. increases REM sleep. e. decreases latent content.

b

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that a. the majority of people become addicted to cocaine within a couple of years of their first use. b. individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict. c. only a small minority of America's ex-smokers kicked the habit on their own. d. regular marijuana smokers typically experience an irresistible craving for LSD. e. people who respond strongly to hypnosis are more prone to drug addiction.

b

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of a. cocaine. b. heroin. c. LSD. d. nicotine. e. amphetamine.

b

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of a. heroin. b. cocaine. c. LSD. d. marijuana. e. THC.

b

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by a. producing hallucinations. b. blocking the reuptake of dopamine. c. increasing the occurrence of alpha waves. d. triggering a state of dissociation. e. decreasing manifest content.

b

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers? a. amphetamines b. barbiturates c. hallucinogens d. opiates e. dissociatives

b

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of a. dissociation. b. narcolepsy. c. tolerance. d. hallucinations. e. NREM.

c

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite. a. alcohol b. heroin c. nicotine d. MDMA e. THC

c

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs. a. neuroadaptive b. narcoleptic c. psychoactive d. hypnagogic e. dissociative

c

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of a. dissociation. b. narcolepsy. c. addiction. d. hypnagogic sensations. e. hallucination.

c

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using? a. morphine derivatives b. marijuana c. amphetamines d. barbiturates e. heroin

c

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate a. age regression. b. dissociation. c. physical dependence. d. REM rebound. e. sleep apnea.

c

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that a. an occasional cigarette smoker almost always becomes a heavy smoker. b. regular marijuana smokers typically experience an irresistible craving for THC. c. many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help. d. individuals who receive morphine from physicians for pain relief usually develop the irresistible cravings of an addict. e. all categories of psychoactive drugs are associated with dependence.

c

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called a. intolerance. b. narcolepsy. c. withdrawal. d. REM rebound. e. dissociation.

c

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to a. feel increased feelings of shame. b. hide the drug abuse from public view. c. feel powerless to overcome the addiction. d. become victims of social hostility and prejudice. e. seek help from medical professionals.

c

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to worsen people's ability to sleep? a. alcohol b. marijuana c. caffeine d. heroin e. barbiturates

c

Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill? a. Alcohol and sleeping pills are stimulants; their combined action could lead to a heart attack. b. Alcohol and sleeping pills can both dehydrate the body, causing severe overheating, increased blood pressure, and death. c. Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death. d. Alcohol and sleeping pills cause hallucinations that feel so real the person can experience severe panic or harm himself or herself. e. Alcohol and sleeping pills both disrupt immediate memory formation, leading to severe impairment.

c

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common? a. They slow body functions and calm neural activity. b. They depress neural functioning and reduce pain. c. They distort perceptions and evoke sensations without sensory input. d. They excite neural activity and arouse body functions. e. They relax the body, lead to disinhibition, and produce euphoria.

d

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria. a. LSD b. heroin c. Amytal d. methamphetamine e. nicotine

d

Which of the following is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance? a. alcohol b. marijuana c. nicotine d. cocaine e. caffeine

e

Which of the following is true of alcohol? a. In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a stimulant. b. In large doses, it is a stimulant; in small doses, it is a depressant. c. In large doses, it is a hallucinogen; in small doses, it is a depressant. d. In large doses, it is a stimulant; in small doses, it is a stimulant. e. In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant.

e