Chapter 5 Pre and Post Tests:

Which of the following amendments provides the MOST substantial grounding for modern civil rights legislation? a. First Amendment b. Fourth Amendment c. Thirteenth Amendment d. Fourteenth Amendment

d. Fourteenth Amendment

Which case ended segregation in public schools? a. Brown v. Board of Education b. Dred Scot v. Sanford c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Roe v. Wade

a. Brown v. Board of Education

Which of the following people was an important leader in the fight for Latino rights in America? a. Cesar Chavez b. Martin Luther King Jr. c. Malcolm X d. Fidel Castro

a. Cesar Chavez

One of the key early sparks of the mid-twentieth century civil rights movement happened when ________ refused to give up a seat on a bus to a white person. a. Rosa Parks b. Martin Luther King Jr. c. Cesar Chavez d. Susan B. Anthony

a. Rosa Parks

Segregation that exists because of circumstances that occur outside the law is called ____________ segregation. a. de facto b. de jure c. de novo d. de integro

a. de facto

Some civil liberties are rooted in the ___________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; the grounding for civil rights is found in the ______________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. a. due process, equal protection b. privileges and immunities; due process c. equal protection; privileges and immunities d. citizenship; equal protection

a. due process, equal protection

The integration of the armed forces in 1948 and the establishment of affirmative action in government hiring in 1961 and 1965 are examples of civil rights reform being pushed by which branch? a. executive b. legislative c. judicial d. state/local

a. executive

When it comes to the criminal justice system, blacks are a. more likely than whites to be convicted of the same crime and serve longer sentences once convicted. b. less likely than whites to be convicted of the same crime and serve shorter sentences once convicted. c. about as likely to be convicted of the same crime and serve longer sentences once convicted. d. about as likely to be convicted of the same crime and serve shorter sentences once convicted.

a. more likely than whites to be convicted of the same crime and serve longer sentences once convicted.

As outlined in Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from the Birmingham Jail," what was one of the key parts of civil rights protests in the South in the early 1960s? a. nonviolence b. letters to members of Congress c. lawsuits d. targeted violence

a. nonviolence

While court rulings on affirmative action have left substantial grey areas, which of the following best summarizes the current legality of affirmative action in college and university admissions decisions? a. Race may not be used as a factor in determining admissions. b. Race may be one of several factors in a holistic approach to determining admissions. c. Race can be used to give extra points to a candidate in determining admissions. d. There are no restrictions on race being used in admissions decisions.

b. Race may be one of several factors in a holistic approach to determining admissions.

How has the Supreme Court ruled on attempts to establish English as the official language in several states? a. They have overturned such attempts as violating the Civil Rights Act. b. They have upheld such attempts. c. They have not agreed to hear such cases. d. No such cases have been brought to trial.

b. They have upheld such attempts.

Laws mandating that students of different races had to attend different schools is an example of what kind of segregation? a. de facto b. de jure c. de novo d. de integro

b. de jure

Cases involving gender discrimination fall under which legal test? a. rational basis b. intermediate scrutiny c. strict scrutiny d. Lemon

b. intermediate scrutiny

What did the "separate but equal" doctrine do? a. required public facilities be shared by whites and blacks b. permitted a system of segregated social facilities c. maintained integrated private facilities d. made sure that black schools got equal funding

b. permitted a system of segregated social facilities

The idea by which some people have justified discrimination on the grounds that some people should be denied equal rights for their own good is known as what? a. "separate but equal" b. protectionism c. de jure segregation d. strict scrutiny

b. protectionism

When was the era of "Jim Crow" laws? a. 1776 to 1860 b. 1860 to 1877 c. 1877 to 1964 d. 1965 to 2000

c. 1877 to 1964

In _________________, the Supreme Court ruled that homosexual behavior was not protected by the Constitution, but overruled this decision nearly 20 years later. a. Lawrence v. Texas b. Boy Scouts v. Dale c. Bowers v. Hardwick d. Romer v. Evans

c. Bowers v. Hardwick

What act prevented Chinese immigrants already in the United States from becoming citizens and halted almost all immigration from China? a. Alien Exception Act b. Asian Immigration and Citizenship Act c. Chinese Exclusion Act d. Taft Immigration Act

c. Chinese Exclusion Act

This person was a supporter of nonviolent protest as outlined in their "Letter From a Birmingham Jail." a. Rosa Parks b. Malcolm X c. Martin Luther King Jr. d. Cesar Chavez

c. Martin Luther King Jr.

Imagine two government actions. The first is a Supreme Court ruling that the government cannot prevent someone from sending out pamphlets protesting a war. The second is a part of the bureaucracy that reviews complaints about racial and gender discrimination of employers. The first example deals primarily with ______, while the second is more about ______. a. civil rights; civil liberties b. civil unions; civil liberties c. civil liberties; civil rights d. civil liberties; civil unions

c. civil liberties; civil rights

The Stonewall Rebellion was a major moment in the history of civil rights of which group? a. African Americans b. Women c. lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people d. Latino Americans

c. lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people

NAACP litigation leading up to Brown v. Board of Education challenged and weakened the __________ doctrine. a. three-fifths b. Grandfather clause c. separate but equal d. one man, one vote

c. separate but equal

The toughest test for allowable discrimination, which is used in situations involving potential discrimination against racial minorities, is the _____ test: a. rational basis b. intermediate scrutiny c. strict scrutiny d. Lemon

c. strict scrutiny

Why was the Brown v. Board of Education case filed? a. to draw attention to lack of funding for urban public schools b. to contest busing plans designed to achieve racial integration c. to challenge the separate but equal doctrine d. to change affirmative action admissions plans at University of Michigan

c. to challenge the separate but equal doctrine

When comparing wealth levels of white Americans and black and Hispanic Americans, a. there is no noticeable difference in wealth based on race. b. racial differences in household wealth only exist in the South. c. white households on average have far more wealth than minority households. d. we do not have any data on household wealth broken down by race.

c. white households on average have far more wealth than minority households.

Why was the court case Plessy v. Ferguson important? a. It ended segregation in school systems. b. It led to the Civil War by saying that states could not outlaw slavery. c. It made it harder to have affirmative action programs. d. It established the idea of separate but equal.

d. It established the idea of separate but equal.

Which group formally received the right to vote in 1924? a. women b. blacks c. Asian-Americans d. Native Americans

d. Native Americans

Under the strict scrutiny standard, a law that discriminates based on race must be shown to serve some _____ in order to be upheld. a. higher purpose b. reasonable social end c. greater moral good d. compelling state interest

d. compelling state interest

Order these three judicial "tests" from most likely to permit to discrimination to least likely to permit discrimination: a. intermediate scrutiny, rational basis, strict scrutiny b. strict scrutiny, rational basis, intermediate scrutiny c. intermediate scrutiny, strict scrutiny, rational basis d. rational basis, intermediate scrutiny, strict scrutiny

d. rational basis, intermediate scrutiny, strict scrutiny

As a condition of admitting California to the United States as a free state, representatives from southern states demanded Congress pass what law? a. the Missouri Compromise b. the Compromise of 1840 c. the Underground Railroad Act d. the Fugitive Slave Act

d. the Fugitive Slave Act