Chapter 5

Which of the following symptoms are part of the syndrome know as ataque de nervios? (Select all that apply.)

Loss of consciousness Sensation of needles in body parts The person lies as if dead.

Which of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Muscle tension Restlessness Fatigue

Jamel was an EMT for many years before he became a teacher a year ago. During his time as an EMT, he responded to a number of situations in which serious accidents had happened to people. At the time, he was not seriously affected by this, but recently, he has started to have nightmares and flashbacks of accidents. Jamel may be experiencing _____.

PTSD

Minerva was hit by a car that was turning the corner. Although Minerva was not seriously injured, she cannot now be near the location of the accident. She continues to have flashbacks of the accident. The accident appears to have triggered _____.

PTSD

Which of the following statements are true about the cognitive factors that contribute to panic attacks? (Select all that apply.)

People pay very close attention to bodily sensations. People misinterpret bodily sensations. People exaggerate symptoms of their bodily sensations.

Which of the following statements are true about the biological factors contributing to panic disorder? (Select all that apply.)

People with panic disorder show dysregulation of norepinephrine in the locus ceruleus. The fight-or-flight response is poorly regulated in people who develop panic disorder. Panic disorder runs in families.

What is the term used to describe an irrational fear associated with a particular object or situation?

Phobia

Which of the following explanations is Freud's contribution to the cause of phobias?

Phobias result when unconscious anxiety is displaced onto a neutral or symbolic object.

What two types of responses are activated during the fight-or-flight response?

Physical and psychological

Which of the following areas of the brain show differences between people with PTSD and those without PTSD? (Select all that apply.)

Prefrontal cortex Amygdala Hippocampus

Nervios, chronic anxiety-like symptoms, encompasses which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Presence of intrusive worries Absent-mindedness Stomach problems

Hermione has a severe fear of snakes. According to Freud, her phobia is caused by _____.

unconscious anxiety that is displaced onto a neutral or symbolic object.

Behavioral therapies for phobias _____.

use exposure to the feared stimulus

The physiological changes of the fight-or-flight response result in activation of two systems controlled by the _____.

hypothalamus

Fear becomes maladaptive when _____,

it is greatly out of proportion to the nature of the threat

Fear can become an anxiety disorder when one responds with _____ in response to a threat.

maladaptive behaviors

People with GAD report experiencing ______, even when compared to people with major depression.

more intense negative emotions

Cassandra has a spider phobia. Every time she sees a spider, she screams and runs away from it. This avoidance behavior always occurs because it reduces her anxiety. This is an example of _____.

negative reinforcement

A chronic anxiety-like disorder common to Latino communities, particularly among the poor and uneducated, is known as _____.

nervios

a __________is a persistent and anxiety-provoking thought, urge, or image that an individual experiences as intrusive or unwanted.

obsession

People with panic disorder _____.

often fear they have a life-threatening illness

While driving on a dark road, Zack begins to feel physical discomfort, intense feelings of being overwhelmed, and shortness of breath. Zack is experiencing a(n)________attack

panic

Objects such as spiders and snakes, which were life-threatening to humans throughout history, appear to be the most common type of phobias. It is suggested that phobic development occurs quickly to these objects because of _____.

prepared classical conditioning

To help gain control of their bodily cues, a client may want to use_____________and _____________exercises while experiencing panic symptoms.

relaxing, breathing

According to what is called anxiety______________ theory, people who develop panic disorder have heightened responsiveness to the presence of carbon dioxide in the blood.

sensitivity

In the two world wars and the Korean War, PTSD symptoms were know as _____. (Select all that apply.)

shell shock combat fatigue syndrome war zone stress

People with panic disorder _____.

show dysregulation of norepinephrine systems in the locus ceruleus

Timothy is so afraid of having to do "Show and Tell" at school that he becomes extremely anxious, fears going to school, and develops severe nausea. Timothy is exhibiting signs of _____.

social anxiety disorder

Tureen avoids having conversations with others, refuses to eat or drink at the mall food court, and will not sign his name on credit slips. He exhibits the symptoms of _____.

social anxiety disorder

John is obsessed with and afraid of snakes to the point he will not go out in the garden, will not go hiking with friends, and has others check his car before he gets into it. This is causing him a great deal of distress. What would be his best diagnosis?

specific phobia

A disadvantage to the drug therapy approach for social phobia is that _____.

symptoms tend to return after stopping treatment

Tomasso is at his therapist's office. The therapist asks him to imagine walking up to the building that contains the room that caused him to have a panic attack. He then imagines going into the building, followed by going up to the door of the feared room. This component of CBT is an example of _____.

systematic desensitization

The two systems activated during the fight-or-flight response are _____.

the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system

A predictor of vulnerability to PTSD is _____.

the available social support

Marcus witnessed the death of his best friend in a diving accident. According to the DSM-5, Marcus experienced _____.

trauma

Which thoughts would be typical of someone with panic disorder who is feeling dizzy? Choose all that apply.

"Oh no, what is happening to me?" "Maybe I'm having a seizure." "I think I'm going to faint."

When someone experiences periods of intense physical discomfort that may also include respiratory distress, they are likely experiencing which of the following?

A panic attack

Laurie feels intense fear and anxiety every time she needs to leave her apartment. Laurie takes all precautions so she only has to leave her apartment once or twice a month. Laurie may have which of the following disorders?

Agoraphobia

______is the experience of intense fear about something outside of the home.

Agoraphobia

Which of the following may be inheritable factors that make an individual more vulnerable to PTSD? (Select all that apply.)

Abnormalities in brain response to emotional stimuli Low levels of cortisol

__________stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop when an individual is exposed to the threat of death, to actual or threatened serious injury, or sexual violation.

Acute

______ is diagnosed when symptoms arise within 1 month of exposure to a stressor and last no longer than 1 month.

Acute stress disorder

The physiological changes of the fight-or-flight response result from the activation of which systems controlled by the hypothalamus? (Select all that apply.)

Adrenal-cortical system Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Which ethnic or racial group has the highest rates of PTSD in the United States?

African American

Anderson was on the fifth floor of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, when the towers were hit by terrorist-directed airplanes. Maximilian was watching the tragedy on TV in his home in Norwich, Connecticut. As a result of the tragedy, Anderson developed PTSD; Maximilian did not. The explanation for this is _____.

Andersons close proximity to the event

Which of the following are categories of specific phobias? (Select all that apply.)

Animal type Blood-injection-injury type Natural environment type

According to the cognitive perspective, people with social anxiety disorder engage in which of the following safety behaviors to reduce their anxiety? (Select all that apply.)

Avoid eye contact Avoid social situations

Which of the following are symptoms of panic disorder?

Commonly occurring panic attacks Unexpected panic attacks Change in behavior as a result of worry about panic attacks

Which of the following are symptoms of social anxiety disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Confusion Full panic attack Fear of being judged

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop PTSD?

Harriet, a 24-year-old African American female

Which of the following statements are true about the cognitive explanation of social anxiety disorder? (Select all that apply)

Individuals with social anxiety disorder have excessively high standards for their social performance. Individuals with social anxiety disorder tend to notice potentially threatening social cues and misinterpret them in self-defeating ways. Individuals with social anxiety disorder focus on negative aspects of social interactions.

Which of the following statements are true about acute stress disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Reduced awareness of surroundings can occur. Dissociative symptoms are common. Feeling detached from one's body can occur.

Which individual is most likely to develop PTSD?

Robert, who avoids problems by drinking heavily

Biological treatments for social anxiety disorder include which of the following drugs? (Select all that apply.)

SNRIs SSRIs

Which of the following can trigger PTSD or acute stress disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Seeing someone die Serious car accident Terrorist attack

According to the DSM-5, a trauma is constrained to which of the following events? (Select all that apply.)

Serious injury Death Sexual violation

_________,_____________disorder is when an individual has anxiety, feelings of humiliation, and other anxiety-provoking behaviors about being watched by other people.

Social, anxiety

Storms, heights, fires, seeing blood, having medical procedures, and engaging in specific activities such as flying are all categories of which of the following?

Specific phobias

Which of the following are the most common objects of animal-type phobias? (Select all that apply.)

Spiders Snakes

When clients with PTSD cannot tolerate exposure to the traumatic experience, what form of treatment may be warranted?

Stress-inoculation therapy

Which of the following are basic components of behavior therapy for phobias? (Select all that apply.)

Systematic desensitization Modeling Flooding

Whenever Robert faces difficult issues that cause anxiety he begins to drink to the point of inebriation. This makes him vulnerable for developing PTSD because of his _____.

avoidant coping strategy

Which of the following statements is TRUE about PTSD?

The symptoms can be mild to moderate, permitting normal functioning.

All of the following statements are TRUE about PTSD, EXCEPT:

The symptoms of PTSD can be undetected for the duration of the disorder.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the drugs used to treat panic disorder? (Select all that apply.)

They are physiologically addictive. They have significant withdrawal symptoms. They are psychologically addictive

Which of the following people are at greater risk for PTSD? (Select all that apply.)

Those who have poor interpersonal relations before the trauma Those who are already experiencing anxiety before the trauma Those who are already experiencing depression before the trauma

True or false: PTSD has been around for many years under different names; however, it has only become widely recognized after the Vietnam War.

True

In systematic desensitization for PTSD, the client does which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Uses relaxation techniques to quell the anxiety Imagines the traumatic event vividly to replace the actual exposure Establishes a fear hierarchy of thoughts and feelings that create anxiety regarding the trauma

Which of the following objects did Little Albert come to fear in the famous Watson and Raynor study?

White rat

According to the DSM-5, an individual meets diagnostic criteria for PTSD and acute stress disorder in which of the following circumstances? Select all that apply.

Witnessing the trauma Directly experiencing the trauma Knowing someone close to them who experienced the trauma

Sherry was walking home one evening when she was mugged. Several weeks later, she began having flashbacks of the mugging and refused to walk down that street. Fortunately, these symptoms lasted only about 3weeks. Sherry appears to have been suffering from _____.

acute stress disorder

When people are exposed to the threat of death, actual or threatened serious injury, or sexual violation, they are at risk of developing _____.

acute stress disorder

In_____________,____________ disorder, symptoms caused by traumas arise within 1 month of exposure and last no longer than 4 weeks.

acute, stress

Fear becomes __________when it persists long after the threat has subsided.

anxiety

Fear can result in a(n) _____ when a person engages in maladaptive behaviors in response to a threat.

anxiety disorder

The unfounded belief that bodily symptoms have harmful consequences is labeled _____.

anxiety sensitivity.

People in Latino cultures report a syndrome known as ______, which is more common among recent trauma victims.

ataque de nervios

The therapist challenges clients' _____ thoughts about their bodily sensations and teaches them to challenge these thoughts themselves using cognitive techniques.

catastrophizing

Most phobias develop during _____.

childhood

when useing ___________,____________therapy, clients learn how to recognize anxious thoughts and develop coping strategies.

cognitive, behavioral

Watson and Raynor did an historic study in which they _____.

conditioned fear using classical conditioning techniques

People's style of __________with a trauma may influence their vulnerability to PTSD.

coping

Experiences of feeling detached from one's mental processes or body is called _____.

depersonalization

Mackenzie felt herself leaving her body and observing her body playing with her cat. Mackenzie may be experiencing _____.

depersonalization

Allison is starting a new job and is feeling scared and extremely uncertain about her performance. This unpleasant feeling is referred to as _______.

fear