Chapter 5: The Human Body

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: A. distal humerus fracture. B. proximal elbow fracture. C. distal forearm fracture. D. proximal humerus fracture.

A

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of: A. beta-1 receptors. B. beta-2 receptors. C. alpha-1 receptors. D. alpha-2 receptors.

A

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: A. waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells. B. available blood is shunted off to another venule while still carrying oxygen. C. high levels of oxygen remain in the cell and can cause significant damage. D. carbon dioxide and other waste can enter the cell, but oxygen cannot enter.

A

If an average-sized patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: A. minute volume is decreased. B. inspiratory reserve is increased. C. overall tidal volume is increased. D. expiratory reserve volume is decreased.

A

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. If the patient were to develop pain in his upper-right quadrant, what organ may be causing the pain? A. Liver B. Stomach C. Spleen D. Appendix

A

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. Kory was found in what position? A. Prone B. Supine C. Shock D. Lateral recumbent

A

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. What part of his spinal column do you want to keep immobilized, so as not to move any of its seven vertebrae? A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Sacrum D. Coccyx

A

The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the: A. hypoxic drive. B. pneumotaxic drive. C. hypocarbic drive. D. oxyhemoglobin drive.

A

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the: A. sinoatrial node. B. bundle of His. C. Purkinje fibers. D. atrioventricular node.

A

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the: A. pulmonary veins. B. pulmonary arteries. C. inferior venae cavae. D. superior venae cavae.

A

The primary function of the right atrium is to: A. receive blood from the vena cava. B. pump blood to the pulmonary artery. C. receive blood from the pulmonary veins. D. pump blood to the lungs for reoxygenation.

A

What is the function of platelets? A. initial formation of a blood clot B. transport of oxygen and nutrients C. defense against invading organisms D. transport of cellular waste materials

A

What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? A. 5,600 mL B. 6,000 mL C. 7,200 mL D. 8,000 mL

A

Which of the following are central pulses? A. femoral and carotid B. brachial and radial C. temporal and pedal D. popliteal and ulnar

A

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children? A. seesaw respirations B. unequal breath sounds C. unequal chest expansion D. irregular breathing pattern

A

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include: A. acetylcholine and insulin. B. epinephrine and norepinephrine. C. glucagon and noradrenaline. D. norepinephrine and acetylcholine.

B

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. To keep his spinal column straight, in what position would you place him on the cot? A. Prone B. Supine C. Fowler's position D. Trendelenburg's position

B

Negative pressure breathing involves: A. relaxing the respiratory muscles. B. a drop in pressure within the chest cavity. C. pushing or forcing air into the lungs. D. increasing airway resistance during breathing.

B

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called: A. respiration. B. perfusion. C. metabolism. D. cardiac output.

B

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they: A. are protected by the anterior rib cage. B. are located behind the abdominal cavity. C. sit in front of the liver, spleen, and stomach. D. lie just anterior to the costovertebral angle.

B

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the: A. uvula. B. epiglottis. C. laryngopharynx. D. cricothyroid membrane.

B

The topographic term used to describe the location of an injury that is toward the midline center of the body is: A. lateral. B. medial. C. midaxillary. D. midclavicular.

B

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? A. Fluid control B. Hormone regulation C. pH balancing D. Waste filtration

B

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing chemicals that regulate body activities? A. Nervous B. Endocrine C. Cardiovascular D. Skeletal

B

Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the: A. liver. B. spleen. C. kidney. D. pancreas.

B

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? A. dorsal B. supine C. prone D. recumbent

C

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by: A. heart rate only. B. stroke volume only. C. stroke volume and heart rate. D. the patient's blood pressure.

C

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. His open wound would be known as a(n): A. ulna/radial fracture. B. acromion/humerus fracture. C. tibia/fibula fracture. D. patella/fibula fracture

C

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, EXCEPT: A. digestion. B. breathing. C. breath holding. D. vessel dilation.

C

The descending aorta branches into the: A. deep femoral arteries. B. internal carotid arteries. C. common iliac arteries. D. external carotid arteries.

C

Topographically, the term distal means: A. near the trunk. B. associated with a point of reference. C. near the free end of extremity. D. toward the center of the body.

C

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column? A. sacral B. lumbar C. thoracic D. coccyx

C

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct? A. When stimulated, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for increasing the heart rate. B. Alpha-adrenergic receptors are located exclusively in the heart and are stimulated by epinephrine. C. Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure. D. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to perform the same function.

C

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in: A. increased heart rate. B. dilation of the blood vessels. C. increased cardiac contractility. D. constriction of the blood vessels.

D

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in: A. tachycardia. B. a strong pulse. C. vasoconstriction. D. a slow heart rate.

D

The _______ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts. A. stomach B. spleen C. appendix D. liver

D

Which of the following vessels does NOT carry blood to the heart? A. Inferior vena cava B. Superior vena cava C. Pulmonary vein D. Pulmonary artery

D