Chapter 54

The microscopic, photosynthetic organisms in the photic zone of the open ocean are called:

phytoplankton

Variation in temperature as different latitudes of Earth are influenced by _____ energy.

solar

What aquatic biome occurs at the margins of both lentic and lotic habitats?

wetlands

What biome is made up of marshes, swamps, or bogs?

wetlands

Select the true statements about the flora and fauna of South America, Africa, and Australia.

- Each continent is characterized by distinctive animal and plant species. - South America, Africa, and Australia all have similar biomes.

Select all of the following that describe invasive species.

- They have escaped their natural enemies by being moved to a new location. - They typically out compete native species. - They spread aggressively.

Which of the following human activities can greatly increase lake nutrient levels and speed up the process of eutrophication?

Agricultural runoff

_______ are powerful toxins that kill the roots of other species, freeing resources to be used by the plant that secretes them.

Allelochemicals

Select the following global patterns that are influenced by solar energy.

Atmospheric circulation & Precipitation

_________ is the study of the geographic distribution of extinct and living species

Biogeography

All of the following are broad areas of ecology except: Cellular, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Organismal

Cellular

Select all of the following that are higher in the headwaters of a river than in its lower reaches

Clarity, Speed of current, Oxygen level

What accounts for a distribution of similar plant and animal species and fossils in South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia?

Continental drift

Select all animals that are typically found in wetlands.

Diving birds, Otters, Dragonflies

Which of the following human activities affected the lotic habitats?

Dumping oxygen-reducing pollutants such as sewage

Environmental science applies the principles of ______ to solve real-world problems.

Ecology

Which of the following statements about ecology is INCORRECT?

Ecology is a discipline that is independent of natural selection and evolutionary history.

Which statement best contrasts environmental science with ecology?

Ecology provides scientific understanding of living things and their environment; environmental science examines real-world problems.

What field of ecology deals with the flow of energy and cycling of chemicals among organisms?

Ecosystem ecology

Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive?

Ecosystem, community, population, individual

What is thought to be the greatest threat to coral reef habitats?

Global warming

Animal species diversity in wetlands is typically:

High

What factor produces the substantial variation in Earth's temperature with latitude?

Incoming solar radiation

What biome is distributed worldwide and consists of sandy shore, mudflats, or rocky shore?

Intertidal zone

A freshwater ______ habitat consists of still, often deep water, such as that in the Everglades National Park in Florida.

Lentic

What aquatic habitat is especially likely to undergo eutrophication due to agricultural runoff?

Lentic

Which of the following habitats consists of still, deep water and has physical characteristics that depend greatly on the surrounding land?

Lentic habitat

Which of the following are components of climate that also influence the distribution and abundance of organisms? Select all that apply.

Light, Wind, Precipitation, Temperature

_______ ecology focuses on groups of interbreeding individuals in an attempt to understand factors that determine group size and density.

Population

Choose all of the following that are types of species interactions studied in population ecology.

Predation, Competition, Parasitism

What are biomes?

The major types of habitats on Earth.

What is the definition of climate?

The prevailing weather pattern of a given region.

Select all reasons why there is less heat at high latitudes.

The sun's rays hit the Earth obliquely. & The sun's rays travel a greater distance through the atmosphere.

True or false: Animals of lotic habitats have adapted to stay in place despite the current.

True

The main objective of studying population ecology is to understand the factors that affect

a population's growth and determine its size and density.

The interacting system of a community of organisms and the physical environment in which they live is called:

an ecosystem

The process of importing natural enemies of invasive species to their populations is known as:

biological control

The distribution of _______, the major types of habitat on Earth, is largely determined by regional climatic conditions.

biomes

interactions among organisms and the living environment are called _____ interactions, and those between organisms and their nonliving environment are termed ____ interactions

biotic; abiotic

Global warming is threat to coral reefs because high water temperatures and high pH:

causes coral bleaching

Continental drift led to:

change in relative location of the landmasses on Earth

Temperature, wind, precipitation, and light are components of _________, the prevailing weather pattern of a given region.

climate

Climate includes the temperature, wind, precipitation, and light patterns in a region of the world and affects the

distribution and abundance of organisms in that region.

Continental ____ is the slow shifting of the Earth's landmasses over time.

drift

A(n) _________ is a community of organisms and its interactions with the physical environment.

ecosystem

A lake that has relatively high nutrient levels, and therefore supports large numbers of algae, is called a(n) _________ late. In contrast, _________ lakes are typically very low in nutrients and have very clear water, due to the low number of algae.

eutrophic; oligotrophic

True or false: Because South America, Africa, and Australia have similar biomes, they also have similar animal life.

false

The current, oxygen level, and clarity are greater and nutrient levels are generally less at the ______ of rivers

headwaters

Wetlands generally have ___ nutrients levels and ___ oxygen levels.

high; low

The area where the land meets the sea, which is alternately submerged and exposed by the daily cycle of tides is the

intertidal zone.

Species that spread aggressively and out compete native organisms for resources are called ______ species.

invasive

Animals of _____ habitats are not well adapted for low-oxygen environments and are thus susceptible to sewage.

lotic

Aquatic animals that are flat and attach themselves to rocks to avoid being swept away even by strong currents are likely to be found in:

lotic habitats

Population ecology includes the study of species interactions, which focuses on all of the following except: competition, mating systems, parasitism, predation

mating systems,