chapter 6

A single glucose molecule produces about 38 molecules of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. However, this only represents approximately 34% of the chemical energy present in this molecule. The rest of the energy from glucose is __________.

converted to heat

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive carbon. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes, radioactive carbon atoms showed up in __________.

co2

Which stage of cellular respiration appears to have evolved first?

glycolysis

How food fuels cellular respiration

1.eating food provides fuel and building blocks for your body 2.after food is broken down the digestive system, it is transported to cells via the circulatory system 3.fuel molecules are broken down further in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle 4.ATP is produced with the help of the ETC

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.

10

In cellular respiration, which of the following outcomes is the result of electrons moving through the electron transport chain (or its components)?

A proton gradient is formed.

Structure A is _____. There is a lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane. It separates the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. There are structures integrated into the membrane. Structure A is a bulb-like structure with a port connecting the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix.

ATP synthase

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

As shown below, an electron carrier, such as __________, acts as an energy-storage molecule when it is __________. The figure shows a chemical equation of respiration. Here, a glucose molecule reacts with six oxygen molecules. The products are six carbon dioxide molecules, six water molecules, and ATP with heat.

NADH ... reduced

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

atp

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

glucose

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to treat people with bacterial infections. However, he can't do this because _____.

human cells also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

Recent data suggests that heat-generating brown fat is most active in __________.

lean people exposed to cold temperatures

Part complete Lungs are to breathing as _____ are to cellular respiration.

mitochondria

A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?

mitochondrial matrix

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.

oxidative phosphorylation

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.

oxygen

A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to __________.

recycle NADH through fermentation

In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________.

the citric acid cycle