Chapter 6

With regard to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), what effect is expected in soldiers who are directly exposed to prolonged combat-related stress? A) Higher rates of PTSD symptoms B) Lower rates of treatment C) Greater intensity of PTSD symptoms but faster symptom resolution D) Increased presence of apathy and limited or no feelings of guilt or negative emotions

A) Higher rates of PTSD symptoms

Why do some researchers believe dissociative identity disorder is culture-bound? A) It is rare or nonexistent in certain countries. B) It affects women more frequently than men. C) It has been tied to specific religious practices. D) It affects only about 1 percent of the population.

A) It is rare or nonexistent in certain countries.

Which is the BEST example of the subpersonalities in dissociative identity disorder differing in identifying features? A) One personality can drive or sew and another cannot. B) One personality has asthma and another does not. C) One personality has high blood pressure and another does not. D) One personality is a woman and another is a man.

A) One personality can drive or sew and another cannot.

Ever since Paul's car crash, during which he was miraculously unhurt, Paul has not been the same. He forgets appointments, friends' names, and even things done in the past few days. His amnesia is termed: A) continuous. B) organic. C) circumscribed. D) selective.

A) continuous.

In the treatment of dissociative amnesia, sodium amobarbital and sodium pentobarbital work by: A) freeing people from their inhibitions, thus allowing them to recall unpleasant events. B) "forcing" people to tell the truth. C) inducing a hypnotic state. D) alleviating depression.

A) freeing people from their inhibitions, thus allowing them to recall unpleasant events.

Which statement about rape is MOST accurate? A) Most rape victims do not know their attackers. B) Most rape victims are younger than age 35. C) About equal numbers of men and women are raped. D) About 1 in 10 women are raped in their lifetime.

B) Most rape victims are younger than age 35.

Which statement about the long-term effects of rape on women is MOST accurate? A) Although psychological effects of rape can be long lasting, physical effects are uncommon. B) Rape victims are significantly more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs. C) Women who have been raped are less likely to seek medical treatment. D) Rape has a significant negative effect on a woman's fertility.

B) Rape victims are significantly more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs.

Which incident presents the GREATEST risk that the person will develop posttraumatic stress disorder? A) being in a car crash with a friend who dies in the crash B) Witnessing a friend die as a result of being shot point blank by another person C) Seeing a friend seriously injured during a sporting event D) Being home alone during a tornado that damages the house

B) Witnessing a friend die as a result of being shot point blank by another person

People who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especially of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely experiencing: A) dissociative identity disorder. B) dissociative amnesia. C) body dysmorphic disorder. D) depersonalization-derealization disorder.

B) dissociative amnesia.

If the state-dependent learning explanation of dissociative disorders is correct, a subpersonality would be MOST likely to present: A) during a time of self-reflection. B) during a time of stress. C) at specific geographic locations. D) upon awakening from sleep.

B) during a time of stress.

Research on evoked potential with people with dissociative identity disorder has revealed that: A) different subpersonalities show different brain-response patterns. B) people with dissociative identity disorder do not show different brain-response patterns for subpersonalities. C) no differences are found in brain activity between controls and individuals with dissociative identity disorder. D) control subjects who are asked to pretend they have different personalities are able to create different brain-response patterns for each subpersonality.

B) people with dissociative identity disorder do not show different brain-response patterns for subpersonalities.

A flash flood hits a small Appalachian community. Those providing a critical incident stress debriefing intervention would: A) provide long-term psychological therapy for flood survivors. B) provide short-term counseling services. C) keep their efforts separate from those of disaster relief agencies such as the Red Cross. D) focus first on the high-income, resilient residents.

B) provide short-term counseling services.

A feeling of detachment from oneself could be diagnosed as PTSD or depersonalization disorder. To determine which diagnosis BEST fits, one would consider: A) how long it had been going on. B) which symptoms predominated. C) which type of stress the person had endured. D) which form of treatment worked best.

B) which symptoms predominated.

Which is the MOST accurate statement about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the aftermath of a disaster (based on research studies)? A) Debriefing helps both rescuers and victims. B) Debriefing by victims is more effective than debriefing by professionals. C) Debriefing can have a negative effect on some victims. D) Debriefing is so ineffective that it is no longer done.

C) Debriefing can have a negative effect on some victims.

Which research finding supports the idea that individuals may inherit a predisposition to posttraumatic stress disorder? A) Deficient levels of GABA in combat veterans B) Overactivity in the amygdala and slowed activity in the prefrontal cortex C) Elevated cortisol levels in babies born to women who were pregnant during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks D) Abnormal activity of cortisol and norepinephrine in the blood, urine, and saliva of concentration camp survivors

C) Elevated cortisol levels in babies born to women who were pregnant during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks

Darla thinks she has bad luck. She repeatedly says, "Bad things just happen to me. It doesn't matter what I do. If it can go wrong, it will. And it always does." How does this thinking relate to the development of stress disorders? A) There is no correlation between the two. B) She is less likely to develop a stress disorder C) She is more susceptible to a stress disorder. D) She will definitely develop a stress disorder during her lifetime.

C) She is more susceptible to a stress disorder.

Transient depersonalization and derealization: A) are experienced by virtually all people by late adolescence. B) are produced naturally and cannot be induced by drugs or meditation. C) can be induced by a life-threatening experience. D) are common in adults but are not yet diagnosed in children or adolescents.

C) can be induced by a life-threatening experience.

Jake is lying in bed and suddenly feels as though he is floating above his body. This is called: A) doubting. B) dumbing down. C) doubling. D) distrusting.

C) doubling.

A student who dreads being called on in class, and in fact panics at the thought of public speaking, is experiencing a(n) _____ response to stress. A) physical B) cognitive C) emotional D) developmental

C) emotional

A client receiving treatment for identity disorder is progressing well through therapy; then, fusion occurs. MOST likely, the client has: A) experienced a significant, but short-term, setback. B) experienced a significant, and long-term, setback. C) merged the first two or more subpersonalities. D) merged the final two or more subpersonalities.

C) merged the first two or more subpersonalities.

The statement, "This is awful, but I guess I can deal with it like I do everything else," represents one person's: A) stress. B) stressor. C) stress response. D) somatization.

C) stress response.

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the: A) central nervous system. B) peripheral nervous system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) parasympathetic nervous system.

C) sympathetic nervous system.

After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from which type of amnesia? A) Continuous B) Selective C) Posttraumatic D) Localized

D) Localized

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy? A) Somatic nervous system B) Peripheral nervous system C) Sympathetic nervous system D) Parasympathetic nervous system

D) Parasympathetic nervous system

Just before 8 A.M. (when my first class meets), my young daughter did something that annoyed me as I was about to leave home for the short drive to campus. "Katie," I said, "what do I always say at a time like this?" She looked at the clock, and then said to me, "What you say is, 'Where are my keys?'" My daughter was apparently familiar with my: A) visual memory deficit. B) jamais vu tendencies. C) nondisordered dissociative fugue. D) absentmindedness.

D) absentmindedness.

Jacquie developed PTSD after being held in captivity for years. She is upset by what she had to do to survive and perhaps even feels unworthy of surviving. This is an example of: A) reexperiencing the traumatic event. B) experiencing avoidance. C) experiencing reduced responsiveness. D) experiencing increased anger, anxiety, and guilt.

D) experiencing increased anger, anxiety, and guilt.

Norepinephrine is to _____ as corticosteroid is to _____. A) acute stress; posttraumatic stress B) the fight response; the flight response C) the autonomic nervous system; the central nervous system D) the sympathetic pathway; the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway

D) the sympathetic pathway; the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway