Chapter 6 Cell Respiration

_____ generates fewer molecules of ATP because it contributes its electrons further along the electron transport chain.

FADH2

True or false: the transfer of H atoms from glucose to oxygen does not represent redox reactions. If false, make it a correct statement.

False, it does represent redox reactions, as oxygen gas is reduced.

True or false: Blood traveling from your leg muscles to the lungs would be high in oxygen. If false, make it a correct statement.

False, it would be low in oxygen.

True or false: a substance that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ (H+ would be able to leak across the membrane at points other than ATP synthase) increases ATP production in mitochondria. If false, make it a correct statement.

False, it would decrease ATP production as ATP synthase efficiency would be reduced.

Briefly explain why a teeter-totter is a good analogy for describing how reductions and oxidations always go together.

It's a good analogy because for every reduction, there is an oxidation, and vice versa. This is similar to a teeter-totter. When one side goes up, the other side has to go down.

If you opened a wine vat, would the yeast inside continue to perform alcoholic fermentation? Briefly explain your answer with some details about what would happen.

No because they would be exposed to atmospheric oxygen and they would preferentially perform aerobic respiration

Plants releases what gaseous by-product as a result of photosynthesis?

O2

CO2 is a gaseous by-product of cellular respiration that you exhale with each breath. Briefly explain where the CO2 comes from.

The CO2 comes from the organic molecules (food) that you consume and is a by-product of cellular respiration.

The overall chemical equation for cellular respiration is: 6H12O6 + 6O2 → → → → 6CO2 + 6H2O. Briefly explain why the equation has multiple arrows.

The arrows represent the fact that cellular respiration consists of multiple chemical reactions.

_____uses the energy found within a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP.

ATP synthase

What initial observation led scientists to hypothesize that brown fat may be activated by cold temeratures?

Brown fat tissue was found at higher levels when the scans were taken during cold weather.

Students frequently have the misconception that plant cells don't perform cellular respiration. Briefly explain the basis of this misconception.

This misconception arises because plant cells preform photosynthesis, which creates the assumption that plant cells do not perform cellular respiration

True or false: brown fat contains mitochondria. If false, make it a correct statement.

True

True or false: glycolysis and citric acid cycle both function as metabolic interchanges where the products of their chemical reactions can also be used for biosynthesis. If false, make it a correct statement.

True

The driving force behind oxidative phosphorylation is ____ a) oxygen b) carbon dioxide c) NADH d) H2O

a) oxygen

In lactic acid fermentation, _____ becomes the target of reduction by NADH. a) pyruvate b) lactate c) glucose d) ATP

a) pyruvate

A buildup of ____ initiates the inhibition of an enzyme that functions early in glycolysis. a) ADP b) ATP c) glycerol d) amino acids

b) ATP

Any substance that inhibits the transportation of oxygen from the lungs affects______ a) photosynthesis b) cellular respiration c) chloroplasts d) none of the above

b) cellular respiration

Which of the following is the correct order of the main stages of cellular respiration? a) citric acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation b) glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation c) citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis d) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, citric acid cycle

b) glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phophorylation

The formation of NaCl (table salt) involves an atom of Na giving an electron to an atom of Cl. a) this would be considered a redox reaction b) Na got oxidized c) Cl got reduced. d) all of the above are true statements regarding the formation of NaCL.

d) all of the above are true statements regarding the formation of NaCl.

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis because glycolysis does not require ____ to function.

oxygen

Match the following states of cellular respiration with the correct characteristics. Some stages may have more than one characteristic or share characteristics. For glycolysis, put A; for citric acid cycle, put B; and for oxidative phosphorylation, put C. 1. Occurs in the cytosol:____ 2. Occurs in the mitrochondria:_____ 3. Involves the splitting of glucose:___ 4. Produces molecules of NADH:_____ 5. Produces ATP:_____ 6. Produces CO2:_____ 7. FADH2 shuttles electrons to the electron transport chain:_____ 8. Occurs in a plant cell:_____ 9. Occurs in an animal cell:_____ 10. Uses the potential energy of a H+ gradient:____ 11. Produces molecules of FADH2:_____ 12. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs:_____

1. A 2. B,C 3. A 4. A,B 5. A,B,C 6. B 7. C 8. A, B,C 9. A,B,C 10. C 11. B 12. A,B

Fats are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic. Use this information to explain why humans store the majority of their excess energy as fat and not carbohydrates.

Because fats will not require water for storage

______ is always lost during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Energy

List 2 sources of evidence that indicate glycolysis is extremely old.

Glycolysis is universal, and it does not occur within a membrane-bound organelle.

What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration?

Input O2 + C6H1206 Output CO2 + H2O

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration linked on a molecular level?

They are linked in that the products of one are the reactants of the other.

What must proteins be broken down into before they can be burned as energy?

They must be broken down into amino acids

The only portion of cellular respiration that is cyclic is _____. a) glycolysis b) the electron transport chain c) the citric acid cycle d) the oxidation of pyruvate

c) the citric acid cycle