Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration

What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration (in order)?

1. Glycolysis 2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) 3. Electron Transport

What is the potential energy source that drives ATP production by ATP synthase?

A concentration gradient of H+ across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

In the Krebs Cycle, Acetic acid joins a four-carbon acceptor molecule to form a six-carbon product called ________ ________.

Citric Acid (for which the cycle is named)

Which stage(s) of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria?

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) & Electron Transport

What is the second step of cellular respiration and what is it's main function?

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): completes the breakdown of glucose all the way to CO2, which is then released as a waste product. -Enzymes dissolved in the fluid within mitochondria.

What is the third step of cellular respiration and what is it's main function?

Electron Transport: Electrons captured from food by the NADH formed in the first two stages are stripped of their energy, a little bit at a time, until they are finally combined with oxygen to form water. -Proteins and other molecules are embedded within the inner membrane of mitochondria.

True or False: Animals (consumers) go through cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

False: They only go through cellular respiration

An anaerobic (without oxygen) cellular process in which organic foods are converted into simpler compounds, and chemical energy (ATP) is produced.

Fermentation

Some cells in your body can work for short periods without oxygen. This anaerobic (without oxygen) harvest of food is known as ________ .

Fermentation

Fermentation relies on what stage of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis

Which stage(s) of cellular respiration take place in the cytoplasm?

Glycolysis

__________ is a metabolic pathway common to both fermentation and cellular respiration.

Glycolysis

What is the first step of cellular respiration and what is it's main function?

Glycolysis: a molecule of glucose is split into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate acid. -Enzymes located in cytoplasm

Two molecules of what compound are produced by glycolysis? Does this molecule enter the citric acid cycle?

Pyruvate acid. No, it is first converted to acetic acid.

True or False: Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process (requires oxygen).

True

True or False: Plants (producers) go through photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

True

How many molecules of ATP can be produced from one molecule of glucose during fermentation?

Two

When muscle cells consume ATP faster than 02 can be supplied, the conditions become _________, and muscle cells will begin to regenerate ATP by ______________.

anaerobic, fermentation

Cells can harvest the most chemical energy from which of the following? a. an NADH molecule b. a glucose molecule c. six CO2 molecules d. two pyruvate acid molecules

b. a glucose molecule

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? a. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. b. Cellular Respiration is unique to heterotrophs c. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria d. Only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganic.

d. Only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganic.

How many ATP does stage 1 (glycolysis) generate directly?

4 ATP

_________ produces its deadly effect by binding to one of the protein complexes in the electron transport chain. When bound there, it blocks passage of electrons to oxygen. As a result, no H+ gradient is generated, and no ATP is made. Cells stop working and the organism dies.

Cyanide

What does fermentation produce?

Lactic Acid

What kind of acid builds up in human muscle during strenuous activity?

Lactic Acid

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Stage 1: In cytoplasm, Stage 2 & 3: In the Mitochondria

What are the waste products (outputs) of cellular respiration?

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Oxygen (O2)

_______ is the main way that chemical energy is harvested from food and converted to ATP energy.

Cellular Respiration

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the majority of ATP?

Electron Transport

What are the inputs of cellular respiration?

Oxygen (O2) Glucose (C6H1206)

The final electron acceptor of electron transport chains in mitochondria is _____________.

Oxygen gas (O2)