Chapter 6 Computing Components

List the steps required to select the right processor.

1. Determine your needs 2. Determine your current processor 3. Research processor models.

Describe what happens during each step in the machine cycle.

1. Fetching is the process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory. 2. Decoding refers to the process of translating the instruction into signals the computer can execute. 3. Executing is the process of carrying out the commands. 4. Storing, in this context, means writing the result to memory (not to storage medium)

List categories of items stored in memory. Explain how manufactures state memory size.

1. The operating system and other programs that control or maintain the computer and its devices. 2. Applications that can carry out a specific task, such as word processing. 3. The data being processed by the applications and the resulting information. Manufactures state the size of memory in terms of the number of bytes it has available for storage.

Describe the functions of USB adapters.

A dongle that plugs into a USB port, enhances functions of a mobile computer, and/or provides connections to peripheral devices.

Explain why a home or business user might choose cloud computing.

A home or business user might choose cloud computing because it enables your business to access software on the internet as a service.

List methods to wipe the memory of a mobile device when recycling or selling.

A person buying or acquiring the phone then can access the sensitive data left in memory. Some recyclers claim that 95 percent of the mobile phones they receive are not completely cleaned.

Describe what is stored in ROM. __ are ROM chips that contain permanently written data, instructions, or information.

Firmware.

Explain how smart cities might use the internet of things.

Smart Cities use the IOT, as well as advanced communications technologies, to help manage the city. For example, some cities might use connected devides to monitor and manage energy use or control traffic.

Describe issues related access and privacy regarding IOT.

Smart TVs collect data about what you watch.

Describe how a computer uses cache. Differentiate among, L1, L2, and L3 cache.

The computer uses cache which is a temporary storage area. L1 cache is built directly on the processor chip. L1 cache usually has a very small capacity. L2 cache is slightly slower than L1 cache but has a much larger capacity. Current processors include advanced transfer cache (ATC), a type of L2 cache built directly on the processor chip. Processors that use ATC perform at much faster rates than those do not use it. L3 cache is a cache on the motherboard that is separate from the processor chip.

A(n) __ wristband is a bracelet designed to protect electronics from an electrostatic discharge by preventing a buildup of static electricity on a user.

Antistatic

Describe the purpose of an adapter card and the role of an expansion slot.

An adapter card, sometimes called an expansion card or adapter board, is a circuit board that enhances the functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripheral devices. An expansion slot is a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card.

Human speech is ____ because it uses continuous (wave form) signals that vary in strength and quality. Most computers are __, meaning that they recognize only two discrete states: on and off.

Analog, Digital

List steps and precautions to take when replacing the screen on a mobile device.

A screen protector is a thin plastic film that adheres to the screen of your device. While screen protectors may not protect the screen if you drop your device or an object impacts it with excessive force, it will protect the screen from minor scratches obtained through normal use.

Describe the difference between a single-board computer and a traditional desktop.

A single board computer is distinguished from a traditional development kit or evaluation board because it is an entire computing platform in a single package; it has all the necessary hardware and software to function built right in.

List the various types of adapter cards.

A sound card enhances the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer allowing sound to be input through a microphone and output through external speakers or headphones. A video card, also called a graphics card, converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen.

List types of buses and describe the purpose of each.

A system bus also called the front side bus (FSB) is part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory. A backside bus (BSB) connects the processor to cache. An expansion bus allows the processor to communicate with peripheral devices.

Explain the advantages of using a universal standard connector.

A universal standard connector also will enable users with different device models to share connectors. The environment will benefit because fewer outdated or incompatible cords will find their way into landfills

Define the term, access time. List different methods used to state access time.

Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory. For example, accessing data in memory can be more than 200,000 times faster that accessing data on a hard disk because of the mechanical motion of the hard disk.

Identify the role of a bus. Differentiate between a data bus and an address bus.

Allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with one another. The data bus is used to transfer actual data, and the address bus is used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory.

Define the terms, bit and byte. Describe the binary system and the ASCII coding scheme.

Bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data the computer can process. Byte - Provides enough different combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 different characters. The Binary system is a number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1. ASCII - Is the most widely used coding scheme to represent a set of characters.

Explain the purpose of and roles of fans in power supplies and how many might be in a desktop case.

Built into the power supply is a fan that keeps the power supply cool. Some have variable speed fans that change speed or stop running, depending on temperature in the case. Many newer computers have additional fans near certain components in the system unit, such as the processor, hard drive, and ports.

Describe how bus width and word size affect and are used to measure computer speed.

Bus width is the term used for denoting the size of the bus and the number of bits that can be transmitted at a time. For example: A bus having 32 bits can transmit 32 bits at a time and a bus having 64 bits can transmit 64 bits at a time. The bus width largely affects the speed of the computer.

Describe CMOS technology and its possible uses.

CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information even when the power to the computer is off. Battery-backed CMOS memory chips, for example, can keep the calendar, date, and time current even when the computer is off.

Describe how RAM works. List two types of RAM.

Consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices. Dynamic and Static

Define the term, Internet of Things (IOT). List IoT-enabled devices and technologies.

Describes a computing environment where everyday objects, or things, are connected to the internet. thermostat, smart trashcans, wearable technology

List two leading manufactures of personal computer processor chips.

Intel and AMD

Define the term, hot plugging.

Is the ability to add and remove devices to a computer system while the computer is running and have the operating system automatically recognize the change.

Name the typical location of the case for a laptop, slate tablet, convertible tablet, game console, smartphone, wearable device, portable media player, digital camera, and handheld game device.

Laptop - Outside Slate Tablet - Outside Convertible Tablet - Keyboard attachment Game Console - Gaming Device (Around Screen) Smartphone - Outside Case Wearable Device - Found on wrist Portable Media Player - Cover that protects object Digital Camera - Outside Case/Lens Handheld Game Device - Outside Case

List products for securing and tracking hardware and how each is used.

Like a slate tablet, the case on a smartphone often is behind the display. With game consoles, the input and output devices, such as controllers and television reside outside the case.

List options for cooling a processor, and describe how each works.

Liquid cooling technology uses a continuous flow of fluid(s), such as water and glycol, in a process that transfers the heated fluid away from the processor to a radiator-type grill, which cools the liquid, and then returns the cooled fluid to the processor. Some cooling pads contain a small fan to transfer heat away from the laptop. These types of cooling pads often draw power from a USB cord. Instead of using power, other pads absorb heat through a conductive material inside the pad.

Explain how to maintain hardware and software on your computer or mobile device.

Maintaining the software on your computers, and mobile devices can help them run optimally. While no specific recommendation exists for the frequency with which you should perform the following actions, you should do so if you being to notice a decline in your computer or mobile device's performance.

Explain how a power supply converts AC current into DC current.

Many personal computers plug in standard wall outlets, which supply an alternating current (AC) of 115 to 120 volts. This type of power is unsuitable for sue with a computer or mobile device, which requires a direct current (DC) ranging from 5 to more than 15 volts. The power supply or laptop AC adapter coverts the wall outlet AC power into DC power.

Define the terms, motherboard, chip, integrated circuit, and transistor.

Motherboard - Sometimes called a system board, is the main circuit board for the computer. Many electronic components, such as the processor and memory, attach to the motherboard; others are built into it. Chip - Is a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched. Integrated Circuit - Contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current. Transistor - Can act as an electronic switch that opens or closes the circuit for electrical charges.

Describe services offered with cloud computing.

Outsource

Describe the function of a memory module. List two types of memory modules.

RAM Chips usually reside on a memory module, which is a small circuit board. Memory slots on the motherboard hold memory modules. SIMMs - (Single Inline Memory Module) Has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect together to form a single set of contacts. DIMMs - (Dual Inline Memory Module) - The Pins on opposite sides of the circuit board do not connect, and thus, form sets of contacts.

Define these terms: registers, system clock, and superscalar. Describe how clock speed is measured.

Registers - That temporarily hold data and instructions. System Clock - To control the timing of all computer operations. Superscalar - Execute more than one instruction per clock cycle. It is measured by the number of ticks per second.

Describe the hardware referred to by the items, system unit and chassis.

Sound Card, PSAF (Power Supply and Fan), Battery, ISPAC (Integrated sound ports and circuitry), + Processor, HSAF (Heat Sink and Fan), Memory Module, Hard Disk System Unit is holding all the components inside the computer.

Explain the role of the control unit and ALU in performing computer operations.

That is, it interprets each instruction issued by a program or an application and then initiates the appropriate action to carry out the instruction. Arithmetic operations include basic calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Comparison operate involve comparing one date item with another to determine whether the first item is greater then, equal to, or less than the other item.

Describe how a chip can be used to locate a lost animal.

The antenna receives low-frequency radio waves when a scanning device passes over the chip and the transponder sends a signal with the chip's number back to the scanner.

Describe the purpose of the processor and how multi- and single-core processors differ.

The processor significantly impacts overall computing power and manages most of a computer's operations. On larger computers, such as mainframes and supercomputers, the various functions performed by the processor extend over many separate chips and often multiple circuit boards.

List security concerns regarding Plug and Play technology.

This support permits computers to connect and communicate with devices easily but it also creates security flaws that allow hackers to take control of security systems, routers, Smart TVs, printer, webcams, and other devices connected to the internet.

Explain Plug and Play technology.

Today's computers support Plug and Play technology, which means the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them.

Differentiate between volatile and nonvolatile memory. List an example of each.

Volatile - Loses its contents. Nonvolatile - Does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer RAM is the most common type of volatile memory. Nonvolatile - ROM, flash memory, and CMOS.

Explain how to determine memory requirements.

When a computer has insufficient memory, its performance can slow significantly. On the other hand, it would be an unnecessary expense to purchase a computer with more memory than you will ever use.

Identify uses for flash memory.

When you enter names and addresses in a smartphone, for example, a flash memory chip stores the data. Memory cards contain flash memory on a removable device instead of a chip.

List technologies the processor chips often include.

track computer hardware, diagnose and resolve probs, secure