Chapter 6 fill in the blank

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination

being conditioned to drool when a bell rings and being able to tell the difference between the sound of a bell ringing and the sound of a whistle

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization

being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats

In ___ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response.

classical

What is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus

extinction

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.

learning

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

model

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.

observational

Which of the following is an example of latent learning

remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas on your morning commute

In classical conditioning, the ____ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e. the stimulus)

unconditioned response

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

vicarious punishment