Chapter 6 head and neck

A vein, unlike an artery, travels to the heart and carries blood.

A vein , unlike an artery, travels to the

vein is another component of the vascular system.

A vein is

External jugular vein

After being joined by the posterior auricular vein, which drains the lateral scalp posterior to the ear, this posterior division of the retromandibular veins becomes the

After each smaller vein or venule drains the capillaries of the tissue area, the venules coalesce to become larger veins.

After each smaller vein or venule drains the

After giving off these branches in the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital artery emerges onto the face from the infraorbital foramen.

After giving off these branches in the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital artery emerges onto the face from the

After traversing the infratemporal fossa, the maxillary artery enters the pterygopalatine fossa, which is deep and inferior to the eye.

After traversing the infratemporal fossa, the maxillary artery enters the ...... fossa, which is

All these venous networks are connected by anastomoses

All these venous networks are connected by

Also in the pterygopalatine fossa, the third part of the maxillary artery gives rise to the descending palatine artery, which travels to the palate through the pterygopalatine canal, which then terminates in both the greater palatine artery and lesser palatine artery by way of the greater and lesser palatine foramina to supply the hard and soft palates, respectively.

Also in the pterygopalatine fossa, the third part of the maxillary artery gives rise to the descending palatine artery, which travels to the

An artery is the component of the vascular system that arises from the heart, carrying blood away from it.

An artery is

As with the internal carotid artery, the external carotid artery begins at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, at the termination of the common carotid artery and the carotid sheath.

As with the internal carotid artery, the ....... ....... artery begins at the superior border of the ...... ....., at the termination of the ...... ....... artery and the ..... ......

Blood vessels also may communicate with each other by an anastomosis (plural, anastomoses), a connecting channel(s) among the vessels.

Blood vessels also may communicate with each other by an

Deeper veins usually accompany larger arteries in a more protected location within the tissue.

Deeper veins usually accompany ..... ..... in a more protected location within the tissue.

Each arteriole branches into even smaller vessels until it becomes a network of capillaries.

Each arteriole branches into

Each capillary is smaller than an arteriole and can supply blood to a larger tissue area only because there are so many of them.

Each capillary is ........ than an arteriole and can ......

For the left side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the aorta.

For the left side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the

However, the two veins have many anastomoses.

However, the two veins have many (internal jugular veins)

Just before the common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries, it exhibits a swelling, the carotid sinus.

Just before the common carotid artery bifurcates into the

lingual veins

One excellent example of the venous variability concerns the

Only one medial branch is from the external carotid artery, the small ascending pharyngeal artery that arises close to the origin of the external carotid artery and cannot be seen in most lateral views of the head and neck.

Only one medial branch is from the

large network of blood vessels is a plexus.

Plexus

Superficial veins are found immediately deep to the skin.

Superficial veins are found immediately .... To the skin

The brachiocephalic artery is a direct branch of the aorta.

The ..... artery is a direct branch of the aorta.

The angular artery is the terminal branch of the facial artery.

The angular artery is the

The ascending palatine artery is the first branch from the facial artery.

The ascending palatine artery is the

The common carotid artery ends by dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries at about the level of the larynx.

The common carotid artery ends by

The external carotid artery has four sets of branches grouped according to their location to the main artery: anterior, medial, posterior, and terminal.

The external carotid artery has .... sets of branches grouped according to their location to the main artery:

The external carotid artery travels superiorly in a more medial position (in relationship to the internal carotid artery) after arising from the common carotid artery

The external carotid artery travels superiorly in a

The facial artery arises slightly superior to the lingual artery as it branches off anteriorly; however, sometimes the facial and lingual arteries share a common trunk

The facial artery arises

The facial artery has a complicated path as it runs medial to the mandible, over the submandibular salivary gland, and then around the mandible's inferior border to its lateral side.

The facial artery has a complicated path as it runs

The facial artery or external maxillary artery is the final anterior branch from the external carotid artery.

The facial artery or .... .....artery is the

The facial artery terminates at the medial canthus.

The facial artery terminates at the

The facial artery's major branches include: the ascending palatine, the glandular branches, the submental, the inferior labial, the superior labial, and the angular.

The facial artery's major branches include:

The facial vein begins at the medial corner of the eye with the junction of two veins from the frontal region, the supratrochlear vein and supraorbital vein.

The facial vein begins at the

The facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein

The facial vein drains into the

The facial vein has some important tributaries in the oral region

The facial vein has some important ......in the oral region

The first part (or mandibular part) of maxillary artery begins at the neck of the mandibular condyle within the parotid salivary gland.

The first part (or mandibular part) of maxillary artery begins at the

The glandular branches and submental artery are branches from the facial artery.

The glandular branches and submental artery are branches from the .... Artery

The head and neck area contains certain important venous plexuses.

The head and neck area contains certain important venous ....

The incisive artery branches off the inferior alveolar artery, remaining within the mandibular canal to divide into dental and alveolar branches

The incisive artery branches off the

The inferior alveolar artery also arises from the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa

The inferior alveolar artery also arises from the

The inferior labial artery is another branch from the facial artery

The inferior labial artery is another branch from the

The infraorbital artery also branches from the third part of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa and may share a common trunk with the posterior superior alveolar artery

The infraorbital artery also branches from the

The internal carotid artery supplies intracranial structures and is the source of the ophthalmic artery, which supplies the eye, orbit, and lacrimal gland.

The internal carotid artery supplies intracranial structures and is the source of the ..... artery, which supplies the

The internal jugular vein drains the brain as well as most of the other tissue of the head and neck, whereas the external jugular vein drains only a small part of the extracranial tissue

The internal jugular vein drains the

The lingual artery is an anterior branch from the external carotid artery and arises superior to the superior thyroid artery at the level of the hyoid bone.

The lingual artery is an

The lingual artery travels anteriorly to the apex of the tongue by way of its inferior surface.

The lingual artery travels

The maxillary artery or internal maxillary artery is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery with three parts defined by location.

The maxillary artery or internal maxillary artery is the

The middle meningeal artery supplies the meninges of the brain by way of the foramen spinosum, located on the inferior surface of the skull, as well as the skull bones.

The middle meningeal artery supplies the meninges of the brain by way of the

The posterior superior alveolar artery then enters the posterior superior alveolar foramina on the maxillary tuberosity, giving rise to dental branches and alveolar branches

The posterior superior alveolar artery then enters the

parotid salivary gland and courses inferiorly.

The retromandibular vein emerges from the

The second part of the maxillary artery also has branches that are located near the muscle they supply.

The second part of the maxillary artery also has branches that are located near the muscle they supply.

The sublingual artery supplies the mylohyoid muscle, sublingual salivary gland, and mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth.

The sublingual artery supplies the

chin as well as the submandibular region.

The submental vein drains the tissue of the

The superficial temporal artery is the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery.

The superficial temporal artery is the

The superior labial artery is also a branch from the facial artery.

The superior labial artery is also a branch from the

The superior labial vein drains the upper lip; the inferior labial vein drains the lower lip.

The superior labial vein

The superior thyroid artery is an anterior branch from the external carotid artery.

The superior thyroid artery is an

The supraorbital vein also anastomoses with the ophthalmic veins.

The supraorbital vein also

•The two terminal branches of the external carotid artery include the superficial temporal and maxillary.

The two terminal branches of the external carotid artery include the

The veins of the head and neck start out as small venules and become larger as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart.

The veins of the head and neck start out as small venules and become Venous Drainage of Head and Neck powerpoint2

The veins of the head and upper neck are usually symmetric in their coverage on each side of the body but have a greater variability in location than do the arteries, anastomosing freely.

The veins of the head and upper neck are usually

There are three anterior branches from the external carotid artery: the superior thyroid, the lingual, and the facial branches.

There are ..... anterior branches from the external carotid artery:

There are also different kinds of venous networks found in the body

There are also different kinds of venous networks found in the body.

There are two posterior branches of the external carotid artery: the occipital and posterior auricular.

There are two posterior branches of the external carotid artery: the

These include the dorsal lingual veins that drain the dorsal surface of the tongue, the highly visible deeper lingual veins that drain the ventral surface of the tongue, and the sublingual veins that drain the floor of the mouth.

These (lingual veins) include the

These lingual veins may join to form a single vessel or may empty into larger vessels separately; they also may drain indirectly into the facial vein or directly into the internal jugular vein.

These lingual veins may join to form a ......., they also may drain indirectly into the ...

Valves in the veins are mostly absent in the head and neck area, unlike in the rest of the body.

Valves in the veins are

Veins are also generally larger and more numerous than arteries in the same tissue area.

Veins are also generally larger and more numerous than .....in the same tissue area.

Venous sinuses are blood-filled spaces between two layers of tissue.

Venous sinuses are

When the common carotid artery is palpated against the larynx, the most reliable arterial pulse of the body can be monitored. If the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is rolled posteriorly at the level of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx or "Adam's apple," the carotid pulse can be felt in the groove of tissue produced.

When the common carotid artery is palpated against the larynx, the most reliable arterial pulse of the body can be monitored. If the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is rolled posteriorly at the level of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx or "Adam's apple," the carotid pulse can be felt in the groove of tissue produced.

Within the infratemporal fossa, the maxillary artery gives rise to many branches.

Within the infratemporal fossa, the maxillary artery gives rise to .....branches.

Within the mandibular canal, the inferior alveolar artery gives rise to dental and alveolar branches.

Within the mandibular canal, the inferior alveolar artery gives rise to

as the maxillary artery leaves the infratemporal fossa and enters the pterygopalatine fossa as the third part (or pterygopalatine part), it gives rise to the posterior superior alveolar artery.

as the maxillary artery leaves the ........fossa and enters the ........fossa as the third part (or pterygopalatine part), it gives rise to the

mental artery arises from the inferior alveolar artery and exits the mandibular canal by way of the mental foramen.

mental artery arises from the

second part of the maxillary artery runs between the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament anteriorly and superiorly through the infratemporal fossa.

second part of the maxillary artery runs between the

small posterior auricular artery is also a posterior branch of the external carotid artery.

small posterior auricular artery is also a

sphenopalatine artery gives rise to the posterior lateral nasal branches and septal branches, including a nasopalatine branch that accompanies the nasopalatine nerve through the incisive foramen on the maxillae.

sphenopalatine artery gives rise to the

the right side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries are both branches from the brachiocephalic artery.

the right side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries are both branches from the ...... artery.

•Each artery starts as a large vessel and branches into smaller vessels, each one a smaller artery or an arteriole.

•Each artery starts as a

•From the inferior border of the mandible, the facial artery runs anteriorly and superiorly near the angle of the mouth and along the side of the nose.

•From the inferior border of the mandible, the facial artery runs

•The anterior superior alveolar artery arises from the infraorbital artery and gives rise to dental and alveolar branches.

•The anterior superior alveolar artery arises from the

•The ascending pharyngeal artery has many small branches that include the pharyngeal branch and meningeal branch.

•The ascending pharyngeal artery has many small branches that include the

•The common carotid artery is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx, to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.

•The common carotid artery is

•The external carotid artery supplies the extracranial tissue of the head and neck, including the oral cavity.

•The external carotid artery supplies the

•The internal carotid artery is a division that travels superiorly in a slightly lateral position (in relationship to the external carotid artery) after leaving the common carotid artery.

•The internal carotid artery is a division that travels superiorly in a

•The lingual artery supplies the tissue superior to the hyoid bone including the suprahyoid muscles and floor of the mouth by the dorsal lingual, deep lingual, sublingual, and suprahyoid branches.

•The lingual artery supplies the tissue

•The major arteries that supply the head and neck include the common carotid and subclavian artery

•The major arteries that supply the head and neck include the common

•The maxillary artery ends by becoming the sphenopalatine artery, its main terminal branch.

•The maxillary artery ends by becoming the ...... artery, its main terminal branch.

•The maxillary vein or internal maxillary vein is deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins in the infratemporal fossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus, accompanying the maxillary artery.

•The maxillary vein or internal maxillary vein is deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins in the

•The mylohyoid artery arises from the inferior alveolar artery before the main artery enters the mandibular canal by way of the mandibular foramen

•The mylohyoid artery arises from the

•The occipital artery, a posterior branch of the external carotid artery, arises from the external carotid artery as it passes superiorly just deep to the ascending ramus of the mandible and then travels to the posterior part of the scalp

•The occipital artery, a posterior branch of the external carotid artery, arises from the

•The origins from the heart of the common carotid and subclavian arteries that supply the head and neck are different for the right and left sides of the body.

•The origins from the heart of the common carotid and subclavian arteries that supply the head and neck are different for the right and left sides of the body.

•The origins from the heart to the head and neck of these two major arteries are different depending on the side of the body; in contrast, the other branching arteries of the head and neck are symmetric in their coverage.

•The origins from the heart to the head and neck of these two major arteries are different depending on the side of the body; in contrast, the other branching arteries of the head and neck are symmetric in their coverage.

•The posterior auricular artery supplies the internal ear by its auricular branch and the mastoid air cells by the stylomastoid artery.

•The posterior auricular artery supplies the

•The retromandibular vein will form the external jugular vein from a part of its route. The retromandibular vein is formed from the merger of the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein.

•The retromandibular vein will form the ..... The retromandibular vein is formed from the merger of the ....

•The subclavian artery arises lateral to the common carotid artery.

•The subclavian artery arises lateral to the

•The superficial temporal artery has several branches including the transverse facial artery, the middle temporal artery, the frontal branch, and the parietal branch.

•The superficial temporal artery has several branches including the

•The superior thyroid artery has four branches: the infrahyoid artery, the sternocleidomastoid branch, the superior laryngeal artery, and the cricothyroid branch.

•The superior thyroid artery has ..... branches:

•The vascular system of the head and neck, as is the case in the rest of the body, consists of an arterial blood supply, a capillary network, and venous drainage.

•The vascular system of the head and neck, as is the case in the rest of the body, consists of an ...

•These branches of the second part (or pterygoid part) within the infratemporal fossa include the middle meningeal and inferior alveolar arteries and several arteries to muscles.

•These branches of the second part (or pterygoid part) within the infratemporal fossa include the