Chapter 6 Infection Control

Given the reservoir host is the first element in the cycle of infection, list in order the remaining elements starting at the top. - Means of transmission - Means of entrance - Means of exit - Susceptible host

1. Means of exit 2. Means of transmission 3. Means of entrance 4. Susceptible host

Which of the following are characteristics of biohazardous waste containers? A. They are like everyday kitchen plastic trash bags that hold needles. B. They can be appropriately lined and labeled boxes. C. They must be labeled with a biohazardous waste label. D. They are used to dispose of contaminated supplies and equipment.

B. They can be appropriately lined and labeled boxes. C. They must be labeled with a biohazardous waste label. D. They are used to dispose of contaminated supplies and equipment.

Which of the following are examples of specific measures used to break the cycle of infection? A. Staying away from sick people at all times B. Throughly cleaning a patient's room C. Teaching patients how to wash their hands properly D. Following government guidelines regarding the spread of diseases

B. Throughly cleaning a patient's room C. Teaching patients how to wash their hands properly D. Following government guidelines regarding the spread of diseases

What has been documented found under fingernails? A. Semen B. Types of yeast C. Bacteria D. Food

B. Types of yeast C. Bacteria

OSHA and the CDC require medical professionals to follow specific universal blood and body fluid precautions, know as A. Universal Standards. B. Universal Precautions. C. Breaking the Cycle. D. Standard Precautions.

B. Universal Precautions.

Which of the following are examples of waste under the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard? A. Unused, capped needles B. Used surgical gauze C. Clean and disinfected linens D. Urine

B. Used surgical gauze D. Urine

Infection prevention regulations in medical offices are enforced by OSHA and must be overseen by A. a licensed, certified professional. B. a qualified person in the office. C. state officials. D. local public safety departments.

B. a qualified person in the office.

The spread of pathogens through contact with blood or body fluids is a(n) A. means of entrance. B. bloodborne transmission. C. vector transmission. D. airborne transmission.

B. bloodborne transmission.

Educating patients in hygiene, health promotion, and disease prevention are ways to A. promote health etiquette. B. break the cycle of infection. C. promote Universal Precautions. D. promote infections.

B. break the cycle of infection.

The spread of pathogens by consuming contaminated food or beverages is called a(n) A. vector-borne transmission. B. foodborne transmission. C. airborne transmission. D. transmission by touch.

B. foodborne transmission.

Removing dirt and microorganisms from the hands using running water, soap, and friction is called A. sterilization. B. proper handwashing. C. personal protection hygiene. D. disinfection.

B. proper handwashing.

Spreading HIV to another person through sexual contact is an example of means of A. exit. B. transmission. C. sex. D. entrance.

B. transmission.

What is an example of a Category II task? A. Giving mouth-to-mount resuscitation B. Giving medicated nose drops C. Removing a cyst D. Cleaning a spill

A. Giving mouth-to-mount resuscitation

Which of the following are examples of susceptibility factors related to a pathogen? A. Point of entry B. Nutritional status C. Host's living conditions D. Strength of the pathogen

A. Point of entry D. Strength of the pathogen

A human carrier is also know as what? A. Reservoir host B. Transient flora C. Pathogen D. Fomite

A. Reservoir host

Before you can understand the elements of an infection control plan, you first must understand how infections are: A. transmitted B. caused C. hosted D. eradicated

A. transmitted

What is an example of asepsis, a condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled? A. Sterilizing a suture removal kit B. Shaking hands C. Using a sponge to clean a countertop D. Handwashing

A. Sterilizing a suture removal kit D. Handwashing

The HBV vaccine is recommended for all heatlcare workers unless: A. They are immune to the virus per a blood test B. They are pregnant C. Medical reasons for which the vaccine is contraindicated D. They received it in the past

A. They are immune to the virus per a blood test C. Medical reasons for which the vaccine is contraindicated D. They received it in the past

What vector carry the microorganisms responsible for Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever? A. Ticks B. Houseflies C. Fleas D. Mosquitoes

A. Ticks

Standard Precautions

A combination of universal precautions and Body Substance Isolation guidelines; used in hospitals for the care of all patients.

Carrier

A reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of a pathogen and so spreads the disease while exhibiting no symptoms of infection.

Which of the following are considered to be airborne-transmitted pathogens? A. A common cold B. Tuberculosis C. Lupus from a tick bite D. HIV E. Hepatitis C from a blood transfusion

A. A common cold B. Tuberculosis

Which of the following are true regarding a written exposure control plan? A. A copy of the plan must be available to all employees. B. The plan must contain records of all employee vaccinations. C. The plan must be reviewed with employees every 2 years. D. Employees who are at risk must have access to the plan.

A. A copy of the plan must be available to all employees. D. Employees who are at risk must have access to the plan.

Which of the following are susceptible factors related to a host? A. Age B. Environment C. Point of entry D. Hygiene habits E. Strength of the infection

A. Age D. Hygiene habits

What type of transmission occurs when you have a common cold and sneeze on someone? A. Airborne B. Indirect C. Bloodborne D. Touch

A. Airborne

Which of the following apply to Category III procedures? A. Aseptic handwashing must be performed before and after the procedure. B. Handwashing is only necessary before the procedure. C. Some procedures include patient education. D. These are high-risk procedures that require the use of personal protective equipment. E. Besides handwashing, there are no other precautions needed.

A. Aseptic handwashing must be performed before and after the procedure. C. Some procedures include patient education. E. Besides handwashing, there are no other precautions needed.

Which of the following is a set of OSHA standards that states how infected or possibly infected waste materials must be handled? A. Bloodborne Pathogens Standard B. Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings C. Rules of Practice D. Universal Standards and Precautions

A. Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

Which of the following is a set of OSHA standards that states how infected or possibly infected waste materials must be handled? A. Bloodborne Pathogens Standard B. Universal Standards and Precautions C. Rules of Practice D. Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings

A. Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

Select all that apply. Transmission of microorganisms by contact with secretions from what body areas are known as droplet contact? A. Digestive tract B. Nose C. Ears D. Lungs

A. Digestive tract C. Ears D. Lungs

How are sexually transmitted diseases transmitted? A. Direct touch B. Fomites C. Indirect touch D. Direct bloodborne

A. Direct touch D. Direct bloodborne

Which of the following are examples of waste under the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard? A. Urine B. Used surgical gauze C. Clean and disinfected linens D. Unused, capped needles

A. Urine B. Used surgical gauze

Which of the following are examples of waste under the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard? A. Used surgical gauze B. Unused, capped needles C. Urine D. Clean and disinfected linens

A. Used surgical gauze C. Urine

Which of the following are lined with mucous membranes and may provide a means of entry? A. Vagina B. Intact skin C. Mouth D. Nails E. Rectum

A. Vagina C. Mouth E. Rectum

Removing a cyst is a Category I task. What universal precautions do you need to take? A. Wash your hands before the procedure B. Wear a mask C. You do not need wash your hands because you are wearing gloves D. Wear gloves

A. Wash your hands before the procedure B. Wear a mask C. You do not need wash your hands because you are wearing gloves D. Wear gloves

Removing a cyst is a Category I task. What universal precautions do you need to take? A. Wear a mask B. Wear gloves C. Wash your hands before the procedure D. You do not need wash your hands because you are wearing gloves

A. Wear a mask B. Wear gloves C. Wash your hands before the procedure

Which of the following are environmental factors in the transmission of disease in a community? A. Weather in the community B. Animals found in the community C. The availability of cell phones in a given area D. Density of people in the community

A. Weather in the community B. Animals found in the community D. Density of people in the community

When does the infection cycle begin? A. When the pathogen invades the reservoir host B. When the carrier invades the reservoir host C. When the reservoir host invades the pathogen D. When the pathogen enters the susceptible host

A. When the pathogen invades the reservoir host

Controlling injuries by altering the way a task is performed is called" A. Work practice controls B. Engineering controls C. Engineered safety devices D. Prevention programs

A. Work practice controls

Laundry contaminated with blood or body fluids should be placed in A. a red laundry bag marked with the biohazard symbol. B. a blue leak-proof container with a lid. C. a laundry basket. D. any bag that the facility employees recognize as biohazardous.

A. a red laundry bag marked with the biohazard symbol.

Alcohol-base hand rubs should NOT be used A. after using the bathroom. B. if you are in a hurry. C. before or after eating. D. after contact with body fluid

A. after using the bathroom. C. before or after eating. D. after contact with body fluid

Fingernails of all healthcare workers should be A. chip free if polished. B. filed into square shapes. C. artificial. D. no longer than 1/4 inch in length.

A. chip free if polished. D. no longer than 1/4 inch in length.

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard of 1991 protects healthcare workers from: A. hazards on the job B. hazards at home C. hazards from patients D. hazards on the road

A. hazards on the job

The route a pathogen takes to exit from a reservoir host is called the A. means of exit. B. susceptible host. C. means of transmission. D. means of entrance.

A. means of exit.

Measures taken to reduce the number of microorganisms but not necessarily eliminate them are known as ______. A. medical asepsis B. Standard Precautions C. surgical asepsis D. good hygiene

A. medical asepsis

Guidelines for handling biohazardous waste include A. not opening reusable sharps containers. B. keeping the container closed. C. wearing gloves. D. discarding the container when it is two-thirds full. E. pushing contaminated needles deep into the container.

A. not opening reusable sharps containers. B. keeping the container closed. C. wearing gloves. D. discarding the container when it is two-thirds full.

Proper hand hygiene in the medical office prevents the spread of disease between ______. A. patients B. medical equipment C. staff members D. the general public

A. patients C. staff members

The most important aseptic procedure all healthcare workers can do is to practice A. proper hand hygiene. B. transfer of patients from bed to wheelchair. C. emergency action plans. D. covering their mouths when they cough.

A. proper hand hygiene.

Always make sure that the bag you are using for biohazardous spills can be tightly closed and is: A. properly labeled. B. nylon. C. leak-proof. D> black cloth.

A. properly labeled. C. leak-proof.

Transmission by ______ is the most common way to spread pathogens. A. touch B. blood C. air D. vector

A. touch

Anyone handling biohazardous laundry must wear A. scrubs B. a face mask or shield. C. goggles. D. gloves.

D. gloves.

General Duty Clause

An OSHA clause that requires an employer to maintain a workplace free from hazards that are recognized as likely to cause death or serious injury.

Reservoir host

An animal, insect, or human whose body is susceptible to growth of a pathogen.

Fomite

An inanimate object, such as clothing, body fluids, water, or food, that may be contaminated with infectious organisms and thus transmit disease.

Susceptible host

An individual who has little or no immunity to infection by a particular organism.

Which of the following are considered biohazardous materials? A. Sterile gauze B. A removed organ C. Used patient gown D. Blood products

B. A removed organ D. Blood products

What regulations must healthcare workers follow relating to workplace safety? A. Stress level B. Chemical exposure C. Fire safety D. Ergonomics

B. Chemical exposure C. Fire safety D. Ergonomics

What is it called when an infection is caused by the introduction of a pathogen from outside the body? A. Pathogen infection B. Exogenous infection C. Transmission infection D. Endogenous infection

B. Exogenous infection

What is an example of a Category II task? A. Cleaning a spill B. Giving mouth-to-mount resuscitation C. Giving medicated nose drops D. Removing a cyst

B. Giving mouth-to-mount resuscitation

What of the following is considered a vector-borne disease? A. Herpes B. Malaria C. Lyme disease D. Common cold

B. Malaria C. Lyme disease

Which of the following is defined as a pathogen moving from one host to another? A. Means of entrance B. Means of transmission C. Exogenous infection D. Susceptible host

B. Means of transmission

Which of the following are means of entrance for an infection? A. Toes B. Mouth C. Ears D. Rectum

B. Mouth C. Ears D. Rectum

A set of regulations designed to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of workers in the United States is/are considered A. Universal Precautions. B. OSHA standards. C. a medical office safety plan. D. a written exposure plan.

B. OSHA standards.

Which of the following specimens are applicable to Universal Precautions? A. Herpes B. Spit C. Newborn babies D. Placenta

B. Spit D. Placenta

OSHA enforces the guidelines developed by the CDC for A. physical safety. B. Standard Precautions. C. OSHA hazard communication. D. medical office safety plans.

B. Standard Precautions.

OSHA recommends using disposable airway equipment to decrease the:. A. risk of harm to patients B. risk of call ins C. risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens D. risk of transmitting infectious diseases

D. risk of transmitting infectious diseases

If you suspect that you have come in contact with spore-forming bacteria, you should ______. A. rinse your hands with hot water B. use an alcohol-based hand rub and then rinse your hands with cold water C. use an alcohol-based hand rub on your hands D. use water and soap to wash your hands

D. use water and soap to wash your hands

What are some responsibilities an employer must provide to ensure a safe working environment? A. Supply your scrubs. B. Ensure that the workplace is posted that you cannot work in a certain area. C. Confirm work environments are to OSHA standards. D. Provide accessible safety training.

C. Confirm work environments are to OSHA standards. D. Provide accessible safety training.

What type of transmission occurs when a pregnant woman passes a disease to her fetus in the uterus? A. Touch B. Indirect touch C. Direct bloodborne D. Airborne

C. Direct bloodborne

Which of the following are considered foodborne illnesses or diseases? A. Measles B. Influenza C. Mad cow disease D. Salmonella

C. Mad cow disease D. Salmonella

Which of the following is an example of a biohazardous waste container? A. Any red box with a lid B. White trash bag C. Sharps container labeled "biohazardous waste" D. Red, leak-proof plastic cup with a cover

C. Sharps container labeled "biohazardous waste"

When cleaning up a biohazardous waste spill, place the material in a leak-proof plastic bag, then into A. a leak-proof container with a lid. B. a garbage bag C. a red biohazardous waste plastic bag. D. a regular plastic bag labeled with a biohazard label.

C. a red biohazardous waste plastic bag.

Biohazardous waste containers should be ______ before removing them from an exam room or when not in use. A. opened B. locked C. closed D. sterilized

C. closed

An ________________ is one in which an abnormality or a malfunction in routine body precesses has caused normally beneficial or harmless microorganisms to become pathogenic. A. exogenous infection B. susceptible host C. endogenous infection D. carrier infection

C. endogenous infection

The most important aseptic procedure for medical professionals is A. disinfection of everything. B. use of personal protective equipment. C. handwashing. D. housekeeping.

C. handwashing.

In highly populated areas, infection can spread quickly because A. people like to share things with each other. B. the air is thicker. C. people are closer together. D. people stay away from each other.

C. people are closer together.

What is a category 2 task?

Category is a task that doesn't usually involve exposure in certain situations, however, OSHA requires that precautions be taken

What is a category 1 task?

Category task 1 expose workers to blood, body fluids, or tissues or tasks that have a chance of spills or splashes. These tasks always require specific protective measures.

Work practice controls

Controlling workplace injuries by altering the way a task is performed.

Which statement is true regarding how OSHA assigns categories to medical procedures or tasks? A. Assignment is based on the type of medical office, the procedure, or the tasks that will be completed. B. Assignment is based on the recommendation of federal and state governments. C. Assignment depends on how long the procedure or task will take to complete. D. Assignment is based on the potential exposure to infected substances that may be encountered.

D. Assignment is based on the potential exposure to infected substances that may be encountered.

Giving a patient medicated nose drops is an example of which Category task? A. Category IV B. Category II C. Category I D. Category III

D. Category III

Employers must inspect workplace conditions and confirm that they conform to ______ standards. A. CLIA B. TJC C. CMS D. OSHA

D. OSHA

What is an example of a Category I task? A. Cleaning up a spill B. Mouth to mouth resuscitation C. Giving medicated nose drops D. Removal of a cyst

D. Removal of a cyst

Which of the following are examples of means of exit? A. Ticks B. Dirty tables C. Trees D. Semen E. Open wounds

D. Semen E. Open wounds

Which of the following is an example of a biohazardous waste container? A. Red, leak-proof plastic cup with a cover B. Any red box with a lid C. White trash bag D. Sharps container labeled "biohazardous waste"

D. Sharps container labeled "biohazardous waste"

Which of the following is considered a biohazardous material? A. Pillow used by a patient B. Medical chart C. Wheelchair D. Used needle

D. Used needle

A contaminated pencil that transfers a pathogen to another susceptible host is called a(n) ______. A. carrier B. vector C. host D. fomite

D. fomite

What is a category 3 task?

It's a task that doesn't require any special protections. These tasks, such as taking a patient's blood pressure, involve no exposure to blood, body fluids, or tissues. (Observe patients for open wounds before you touch them to perform such tasks.)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Set of regulations designed to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of workers in the United States.