Chapter 6: Integumentary system homework

Match the following sub-layer of the epidermis with it's structure:

- Stratum Corneum: Most superficial layer of epidermis -Stratum Lucidum: Seen only in thick skin -Stratum Grandulosum: Keratinization begins in this layer -Stratum Spinosum: Keratinocytes attached to neighbors by demosomes -Stratum Basale: Contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells

Match the type of skin cancer with its location and function:

-Basal cell Carcinoma: Originates in stratum basale -Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Arises from Keratinocytes of Stratum Spinosum -Maligant Melanoma: arises from melanocytes, usually in a pre- existing mole

In the first step of wound healing, the blood brings which of the following?

-Clotting proteins -Antibodies -White blood cells

Mammary glands only become functional in which of the following conditions:

-Lactating females -Pregnant women

Match the specific functions of hair:

-Protection: Scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury -Heat Retention: Blanket of thick hair on scalp -Sensory Reception: hair root plexuses -Visual identification: Color and density of hairs of scalp

Match the function of skin with it's description

-Protection: acts as a physical barrier to physical injury, trauma, bumps and scrapes -Prevents water loss: Epidermis is water resistant - Temperature regulation: Influenced by vast capillary networks and sweat glands in the dermis - Sensory reception: nerve endings that detect heat, cold, touch

In the fourth step of wound healing, the new stratum basale cells migrate over the wound, moving internally to the new superficial remains of the ______

Clot

When the skin is stretched beyond its capacity some ______ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks, which are called ______

Collagen ; Striae

The stratum _______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells

Corneum

In the skin the largest blood vessels lie along the border between the __ layer of the dermis and the __ layer below it. Smaller vessels branch into the dermis to supply hair follicles, __ glands, __ receptors, and other structures located there

Reticular ; Subcutaneous ; Sweat ; Sensory

after a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ___________, and it begins to lose its ability to _____________

Spinsosum; Divide

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: The number of epidermal _______ in the epidermis and the relative thickness of the epidermis, rather than the __________ of the entire integument

Strata ; thickness

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in the _______ ____________ and _________ ___________

Stratum Spinsosum ; Stratum Granulosum

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via _______. The secretion of apocrine sweat glands are carried into _________

Sweat Ducts ; Hair follicles

Drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer because it's extensive _______ network promotes rapid absorption

vascular

In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the

- Basale Stratum -Stratum Spinosum - Stratum Granulosum

The epidermis lacks which of the following

- Collagen fibers - Blood vessels - Adipose Tissues

Tactile cells are described best by which of the following?

- Large epithelial cells -Can be stimulated by light touch -Also called merkel cells -Can be stimulated by light pressure

Match the acne lesion with it's description:

-Blackhead: an open comedo -Whitehead: a closed comedo -Nodule: Similar to a pustule, but extending into the deeper skin layers

Since there are no blood vessels in the epidermis, where does it's supply of nutrients come from?

Blood vessels in the dermis

The cells of a hair follicle's wall are organized into two principle concentric layers: An outer ______ tissue root sheath, which originates from the dermis, and an inner ________ tissue root sheath, which originates from the epidermis

Connective; Epithelial

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

Coreum

Chronic exposure to UV rays can damage the _______ in the epidermal cells

DNA

Because an entire portion of skin has been lost, and water cannot be retained in the area, a major concern with third degree burns is ______.

Dehydration

Epidermal derivatives are located in the ______ and may project through the ______ to the surface. The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______ keratinized cells

Dermis ; Epidermis ; dead

In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ___________ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ______ into the body

Edges ; Pathogens

First degree burns involve only the ________ and are characterized by _______, pain, and slight edema (swelling)

Epidermis ; redness

The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called

Granulation tissue

The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both _________ and ________ exposure

Heredity ; light

Sebaceous glands are classified as __________ glands that discharge an oily, waxy, secretion called __________

Holocrine ; Sebum

Which is a possible description of the skin's form and function?

Indicator of health Barrier Self renewing

within the stratum granulosum begins a process called ________ by which the keratinocytes fill up with the protein ______

Keratinization ; Keratin

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _________ and the protein they produce is called _________

Keratinocytes ; Keratin

In thick skin, the layers of epidermis that contains dead keratinocytes are the stratum _________ and stratum _________

Lucidum ; Corneum

During the process of kerantinization the _____ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the cells starts to die

Nucleus

Sebaceous glands produce a(n) _______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface

Oily

Match terms with their functions:

Periderm: Layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium (Basal layer forms the epithelium) Vernix Caseosa: Waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells (The periderm is the source of the sloughed off cells) Mesenchyme: Layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

_______________ ______________ cuts to the lines of cleavege often results in slow healing and increased scarring

Perpendicular cuts

In anatomy, a single hair is also called?

Pilus

The major functions of Merocrine sweat glands are:

Secretion Protection Thermoregulation

In the skin there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called

Stratum Lucidum

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ________ cells

Tactile

There are 3 main variation in the Epidermis. These variations are _________ coloration, and skin markings

Thickness

The delivery of drug through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called _______________ administration

Transdermal

True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age

True

many cells in the epidermis produce _______ when exposed to UV radiation

Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to __________ that proliferate and form a benign tumor

blood vessels

The nail plate is composed of the nail _______ the nail root, and the free edge

body

The skin is water resistant. Thus it helps prevent

both water gain and loss

In the first step of wound healing, blood brings ________ proteins, numerous white blood cells, and antibodies to the site

clotting

As skin ages, collagen fibers in the dermis ______ in number and elastic fibers ______ elasticity

decrease; lose

As a result of aging, sweat gland production _______

diminishes

Potential complications of a wound under repair include ______ loss and _____

fluid ; infection

Damaged tissue are normally repaired in one of two ways: ____________ and _______ formation

regeneration ; fibrosis

Glands are activated primarily by _______ during puberty in both sexes

sex hormones

As an individual ages, the skin repair processes takes longer to complete because of the reduced number and activity of ______ cells

stem

As a result of the aging process, hair follicles produce ______ hairs

thinner

In the nails, the Lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale absorbs the underlying ______

Blood vessels

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

1. Protects the body 2. Provides thermal insulation 3. Acts as an energy reservoir

The scalp normally loses between __________ hairs per day

10-100

Healing of second degree burns takes approximately _____, and slight scarring may occur

2-4 weeks

Skin repair and registration usually takes about __ weeks in a healthy young person but can often take ______ that time for a peron in his or her 70's

3; twice

Keratinoctyes of the epidermis are usually present for about _____ weeks

4

The subcutaneous layer or Hypodermis is made up of two connective tissues:

Adipose and Areolar

Match the type of gland with it's location:

Apocrine: Axillary, Anal, Areolar and Pubic Regions Merocrine: Distributed throughout the body Sebaceous: Associated with hair follicles over much of the skin Ceruminous: External acoustic meatus (Ear canal) Mammary: Breasts

In the fourth step of wound healing, regeneration of the epidermis occurs due to the division of Stratum ____ cells at the end of the wound

Basale