chapter 6 physical science

Select all the examples below that will step down the current in a transformer.

10 loops in the primary coil compared to 5 in the secondary coil 10 loops in the primary coil compared to 2 in the secondary coil

The total resistance (Rtotal) in a parallel electric circuit with three resistors is equal to ______.

1R/total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

A coulomb (C) is equivalent to the charge resulting from the transfer of ______.

6.24 x 10^18 electrons

Magnetic dip is ______ degrees at Earth's magnetic poles and ______ degrees at the equator.

90; 0

Select the components of a typical electric circuit. (Select all that apply.)

A device that creates a higher electrical potential A device in which work is done

Electric circuits use either alternating current (ac) or direct current (dc). Select all the circuits below that most commonly use direct current.

A wireless mouse for a computer Cell phones

Select all the processes by which an object can become electrostatically charged.

By induction By friction By contact

______ describes the force (F) felt between two charged objects as depending on a constant (k) multiplied by the charge (q) of the two objects divided by the square of the distance (d) between them.

Coulomb's law

Identify the problems with viewing electric current as a fluid. (Select all that apply.)

Electrons are not pushed out one end as more come in the other end of a wire. Electrons do not move in a wire as water does in a pipe.

Select all the statements that are true regarding the charge of protons and electrons.

Protons have a positive charge. The charge of protons and electrons is opposite. Electrons and protons cannot be separated from their charge.

Match the model for explaining how gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces operate at a distance to its description. action-at-a-distance field model field-particle model

Recognizes masses are attracted gravitationally, and electric charges and magnetic poles attract and repel through space Considers a field to be a condition of space around a mass, electric charge, or magnet; field properties described by field lines A complex and highly mathematical explanation of attractive and repulsive forces; forces attributed to rapid emission and absorption of subatomic particles

Select all the statements below that reflect how electric fields are represented.

Stronger fields are represented by drawing lines closer together. They are represented by lines that show the direction of the field.

What two factors influence the size of the electrostatic force between two charged objects (Coulomb's law)?

The distance between them The amount of charge on each object

Select all the true statements from the list below about magnetic poles.

Unlike magnetic poles attract each other. Like magnetic poles repel each other.

A short circuit can happen when ______.

a new lower-resistance pathway becomes available to complete the circuit

The electricity that is transmitted to your home is __________ current.

alternating

The word electricity is based upon the Greek word for ______.

amber

Substances that have magnetic properties (ferromagnetic properties) are ones that ______.

are strongly attracted to magnets

The magnetic field lines around the wire producing a magnetic field are drawn ______.

at right angles to the length of the wire

In an electric circuit, what is the difference between the voltage drop and the voltage source? The drop is where ______.

charges do work, and the source is where the outside energy creates the electrical potential difference

Strong magnetic fields are represented by drawing magnetic lines ______.

closer together

In a transformer, the difference in the number of __________ between the primary and secondary coils determines the voltage difference.

coils

The metric quantity of electric charge (q) is measured in __________ It is equal to the charge that results from the transfer of 6.24 x 10^18 electrons.

coulomb

Electromagnetic induction occurs when a loop of wire is moved in an electric field or when an electric field in range of a wire is changed. Either of these two actions will produce a voltage in the wire, and this will induce a __________ in the wire.

current

The electric potential ______ when two like-charged particles move away from one another.

decreases

The magnetic __________ is the angle of the magnetic field between the horizontal and the downward angle of a compass needle that is free to pivot.

dip

The electric current moves in one direction in a(n) __________ current and switches back and forth in a(n) __________ current.

direct, alternating

A fuse works by ______.

disconnecting a series circuit once a preset limit of amps is reached

When a potential difference is applied to a wire in a circuit, the random motion of the electrons in it changes to a zigzag motion with a net motion in one direction. This added motion is called the __________ velocity.

drift

A moving or flowing charge is known as a(n) ______ current.

electric

A(n) __________ field is represented by drawing lines of force extending out from isolated charges in all directions, using arrows to show there is always some force on a distant charge.

electric

An electric charge produces a force field in the space around it. Since the field is the result of electric charge, we call the force field a(n) ______ field.

electric

Hans Christian Oersted was a famous physicist who discovered a(n) __________ current produces a magnetic field.

electric

Magnetism is thought to be produced by ______.

electric currents

A galvanometer measures ______.

electric currents by reacting to the magnetic fields they produce

An axle with many loops of wire on it rotating inside a magnetic field due to an outside form of mechanical energy is the basic setup of a(n) ______.

electric generator

Voltage describes the potential difference, in joules per coulomb, between two locations. This difference is also called an ______.

electrical force

Resistance is equal to the ______.

electrical potential difference divided by the current

When a voltage is induced in a wire using a magnetic field by changing the field or by moving the wire, an induced current results. This interaction is called ______ induction.

electromagnetic

The ______ current model describes negative charges flowing from the negative to the positive terminals of a battery, and the ______ model describes current as the drift of positive charges from the positive to the negative terminal.

electron; conventional

Electrical, light, and chemical phenomena involve the movement of primary ______.

electrons

Electricity involves the movement of __________ from atom to atom.

electrons

J. J. Thomson conducted experiments on electric currents and concluded that the movement of negatively charged particles, which were called __________ for the Greek word for amber, was responsible for the attractive quality of some materials.

electrons

Static electricity (an electrostatic charge) involves the gain or loss of ______ from an object; these particles do not leave the object until there is a discharge.

electrons

A(n) ______ charge can reside on an object and change as the result of a gain or loss of electrons.

electrostatic

True or false: Electrons move around an atom and always remain with that atom.

false

The model of explaining gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces that uses field lines to represent the condition of space around the objects or particles of interest is the ______ model.

field

The ______ of Earth's molten iron and nickel outer core likely causes Earth's magnetic field.

flow

Electric current is a ______.

flowing or moving charge

An electric field around a charged object is a type of ______.

force field

An electrostatic induction occurs when one charged object ______.

forces a realignment of electrons in a nearby material

The two magnetic poles of a magnet are where the ______.

forces of attraction seem concentrated

Magnetic field lines around a wire that is producing them ______.

form closed loops

An electrostatic charge can build on an object as ______ removes electrons from it, direct contact occurs between charged objects, or ______ forces a realignment of the electrons already on an object.

friction; induction

A __________ works by disconnecting a circuit if the circuit tries to draw more than a preset amount of amps.

fuse

A(n) ______ measures electric currents by measuring the magnetic fields they produce.

galvanometer

Electrons in a current-carrying wire move ______.

in a zigzag motion but with a net motion of travel

The difference between direct and alternating currents is the current moves ______.

in one direction in direct current and switches the direction of motion in alternating current

The electric potential ______ when work is done moving two like-charged particles near each other.

increases

An electric generator produces electricity by ______.

inducing a voltage in a wire by rotating an axle wrapped in wire within a magnetic field

Holding an electrostatically charged object near a material with a random distribution of electrons can result in the material's electrons becoming reoriented; this process is called __________.

induction

The SI unit of electrical work is the __________.

joule

The SI unit of work is the ______.

joule

An electric relay is a ______.

low-voltage control device that can switch a larger, high-voltage circuit on and off

For a magnet, the forces of attraction are concentrated around the two __________ poles.

magnetic

Substances that are strongly attracted to magnets are described as having ______ properties.

magnetic

The tiny region (each arrow region in the image) in a material where atoms are magnetically aligned is called the ______.

magnetic domain

The alignment of enough of a metal's ______ in one direction can be caused by exposure to a magnetic field; this can cause the metal to become magnetic.

magnetic domains

Electricity is likely the cause of ______.

magnetism

The key to maintaining an electric current is ______.

maintaining a separation of charges

The difference between a positive ion and a negative ion is that a negative ion has ______.

more electrons than protons and a positive ion has more protons than electrons

An atom that loses or gains electrons from its neutral state is said to be ionized. If it gains electrons from the neutral state, it will be a __________ ion.

negative

An unknown charge attracts an approaching test charge; therefore, the unknown charge must have a __________ charge.

negative

A parallel circuit is displayed in the image. This is a parallel circuit and not a series circuit because a parallel circuit connects the ______.

negative terminals together, and a series circuit connects the negative to the positive terminals

Electrons have a __________ charge and protons have a __________ change.

negative, positive

A transformer works by passing a current in a primary coil that produces a magnetic field that grows and collapses. This pulsing magnetic field induces a current in a secondary wire coil. The transformation of the voltage comes from the difference in the ______.

number of loops between the primary and secondary coils

The ratio of 1 volt to 1 amp defines the unit of resistance called an ______.

ohm

Electrical resistance (R) is the property of ______.

opposing or reducing a current

If two ______ charges approach one another, they will experience an attractive electrical force.

opposite

If a test charge feels a repulsive force as it moves toward an unknown charge, the unknown charge must be ______.

positive

The conventional current model describes a ______ charge moving from the positive to the negative terminal of a battery, and the electron current model describes current as the drift of ______ charges that flow from the negative to the positive terminal.

positive; negative

Disregarding losses to resistance, electric work is equal to the ______.

potential multiplied by the charge

Hans Christian Oersted discovered that an electric current ______.

produces a magnetic field

Atoms are made of three basic particles. They are __________ and neutrons in the nucleus and __________ located around the nucleus at a distance from it.

protons, electrons

Electric current (I) is equal to the ______.

quantity of charge divided by time

An electromagnetic device that uses a low-voltage control to switch a larger, high-voltage circuit on and off is called a __________.

relay

If two positive charges are pushed toward one another, the resulting force will be ______.

repulsive

The electric potential difference (V) divided by the current (I) is equal to the __________.

resistance

The property of opposing or reducing a current is known as electrical __________.

resistance

If the negative terminal of one battery cell is connected to the positive terminal of another battery, it is a __________ circuit. If all positive terminals are connected and all negative terminals are connected, it is a __________ circuit.

series, parallel

A __________ circuit occurs when a newer path of lesser resistance is made for an existing circuit.

short

An electric circuit contains some device in which work is done (a lamp, for example) and therefore must contain a device that gives the ______.

source of energy to move the charges to a higher potential against an electric field

In an electric circuit, the source of the electrical potential is called the voltage __________ , and the device where the charges do work is called the voltage __________.

source, drop

A transformer is a device used to ______.

step up or step down the voltage

If a transformer has 6 loops in the primary coil and 12 loops in the secondary coil, the voltage will be ______.

stepped up

If the electric field potential goes to zero, the electric current will ______.

stop

The quantity of the charge (q) that flows through a cross section of conductor divided by a unit of time (t) equals ______.

the electric current (I)

The magnetic field of Earth is likely caused by ______.

the liquid metal outer core flowing around the solid metal inner core

Looping wire into a cylindrical coil (a solenoid) and passing a current through it produces a magnetic field because _______.

the magnetic field lines produced by the wire are concentrated inside of the coil and have the same orientation

Magnetic fields are represented by magnetic field lines drawn to indicate how ______.

the north pole of a small magnet would respond at that point

The total resistance in a series circuit of resistors is equal to ______.

the sum of all the resistors in the series

The electric potential difference (volt) is equal to ______.

the work to create the potential divided by the charge moved

The drift velocity of electrons in a wire is ______.

the zigzag movement that results in a net motion in one direction

Exposing an unmagnetized piece of iron to a magnetic field may cause it to become magnetic ______.

through the alignment of the majority of the iron's magnetic domains in one orientation

An electromagnet can be produced by passing a current ______.

through the wires of a solenoid

The magnetic domain is the ______.

tiny region where atoms in a material are magnetically aligned

A device used to step up or step down the ac voltage in a circuit is called a

transformer

True or false: Like magnetic poles repel and unlike magnetic poles attract.

true

An ohm is equal to a(n) ______ divided by an amp.

volt

The __________ is a measure of electric potential difference between two points.

volt

An electrical force (or electromotive force) is also called the ______.

voltage

Electrical __________ is done when a potential difference is created by moving charges to a higher potential. W = (V)(q)

work