chapter 6 psych

Between what ages do sibling conflicts tend to decrease in frequency?

5-7

Baumrind describes children raised by ______ parents as often unhappy, fearful, and anxious about comparing themselves to others.

authoritarian

________ play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution.

constructive

According to social role theory, gender differences result from the ______ roles of women and men.

contrasting

In all types of child maltreatment, which of the following is almost always present?

emotional abuse

Which of the following theories states that children appraise marital conflict in terms of their sense of security and safety in the family?

emotional security theory

In the rural areas of many countries, ______ parenting is widespread.

authoritarian

True or false: Children of working mothers engage in more gender stereotyping and hold less egalitarian views than children of mothers who stay at home

false

__________ are activities that children engage in for pleasure and that have rules. Often they involve competition.

games

Which of the following provides a framework for how people should think, act, and feel based on social and cultural norms about gender?

gender roles

According to Erikson's developmental stages, which emotion lowers self-esteem in young children?

guilt

Which of the following constitute direct emotional abuse? -verbal abuse -mental injury -psychological abuse -physical injury

verbal abuse mental injury psychological abuse

Which of the following cultural trends are affecting families? -greater family mobility -fewer extended-family households -migration to urban areas -decreases in maternal employment

-greater family mobility -fewer extended-family households -migration to urban areas

According to social role theory, which of the following are important causes of gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurturing? -biological differences between the sexes -emotion-dismissing parents -social hierarchy -division of labor

-social hierarchy -division of labor

What are the three proposed social theories of gender?

-social role theory -psychoanalytic theory -social cognitive theory

Custodial fathers experience the loss of about _______ of their predivorce income.

10 %

Custodial mothers experience the loss of about ______ of their predivorce income.

25 to 50%

Play allows children to work off frustrations and analyze their conflicts and coping mechanisms in a nonthreatening environment. This idea most closely aligns with ______ views of play.

Freud and Erikson's

___________ refers to the characteristics related to femininity and masculinity based on social and cultural norms.

Gender

What statement about gender is true?

Gender refers to the characteristics of people as females or males.

_______is primarily confined to infancy, whereas _____________ play can be engaged in throughout life.

Sensorimotor; practice

True or false: A recent study revealed that coparenting influenced young children's effortful control above and beyond maternal and paternal parenting alone.

True

The four parenting styles involve the dimensions of ______ and responsiveness on the one hand, and ______ and control on the other.

acceptance; demand

According to Freud and Erikson, play helps the child master

anxieties and conflicts.

Gender _________ is a person's inner sense of being a girl/woman, boy/man, another gender, or no gender.

identity

Sensorimotor play is best defined as behavior engaged in by

infants to derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemas.

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are classified as part of the ______ because they represent broader societal contexts.

macrosystem

__________ development involves changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do when interacting with others.

moral

Recent research indicates that the ______ of parents' work has more influence on the children's development rather than the fact that one parent works outside the home. Multiple choice question. title

nature

Children raised by _______________ parents generally feel that other aspects of their parents' lives are more important than they are and tend to have poor self-control, low self-esteem, and have trouble with peer relationships and immaturity.

neglectful

Who do young children identify with most during the initiative-versus-guilt stage?

parents

Two friends are about the same age and maturity level. They are ____________

peers

Sensorimotor ________ is defined as behavior engaged in by infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas.

play

___________ therapy allows children to work off frustrations and to analyze conflicts and learn how to cope better.

play

________ play involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.

practice

Many experts on play consider the ______ years the "golden age" of symbolic/pretense play.

preschool

After developing self-awareness, children around the age of 18 months begin experiencing what type of emotions?

self-conscious

According to Erikson, as a young child's conscience governs initiative, feelings of guilt negatively impact

self-esteem.

__________ play involves interaction with peers

social

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major social theories regarding gender differences? -social cognitive theory of gender -social biological theory -social role theory -psychoanalytic theory of gender

social biological theory