Chapter 6 Triglycerides (nufs)
The Delta system describes the fatty acids in relation to the ___ and indicates the location of _____.
Carboxyl end of the carbon chain, double bonds
HDL roams bloodstream and picks up _____ from dying cells and other sources throughout body
Cholesterol
What is esterification?
attaching fatty acids to glycerol
What is a unsaturated fatty acid?
carbon double bonds
What is a saturated fatty acid?
carbons saturated with hydrogen atoms
Medium chain fatty acids are transported via ____.
circulatory system
What is an emulsifier?
compound that forms a shell around fat droplets.
The Omega system indicates where the
first double bond closest to the menthyl (omega) end of the chain occurs.
Hydrogenation is when you add _____ to the _____.
hydrogen, carbon
Essential fatty acids are important because they are needed to ______ that create eicosanoids.
make other fatty acids
A monounsaturated fatty acid is _____
mission one carbon atom
What is a triglyceride?
no fatty acid is lost
Trans fatty acids have hydrogens attached to the double bonded carbons located _____.
on the opposite side of carbon chain (straight)
Short chain fatty acids are ____ digested and transported via the _____.
rapidly, circulatory.
What is reesterification?
reattaching a fatty acid to glycerol that has lost a fatty acid
What are the three functions of triglycerides?
rich source of energy (9 kcals per gram) Main fuel source for all body cells provide 30-70% of the energy we burn
What is deesterification?
the release of fatty acids from glycerol
A polyunsaturated fatty acid has at least _______ in it's carbon chain
two double bonds
Dietary fat assist in the absorption of these vitamins
vitamins A, D, E, K
What is a diglyceride?
1 fatty acid is lost (glycerol+2 fatty acids)
Long chain fatty acids have ___
12 or more carbon atoms
What is a monoglyceride?
2 fatty acids are lost (glycerol+1 fatty acid)
AMDR of fat is ___ of total calories
20-35%
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol.
Medium chain fatty acids have ___
6-10 carbons in length
Why are essential fatty acids important structural components of the body?
Keep the cell wall fluid and flexible so substances can go in and out of the cell.
Short chain fatty acids have ___
Less than 6 carbons in length
Long chain fatty acids take the _____ to digest and are transported via ______.
Longest, lymphatic
Cis fatty acids have hydrogens attached to the double bonded carbons located ______.
On the same side of the carbon chain. (bent)
A person with high saturated fat intake needs to
Raise LDL
A person with high trans fat intake needs to
Raise LDL and lower HDL
LDL:
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (receptor pathway)
HDL:
Reverse cholesterol transport pathway
As hydrogenation increases, the unsaturated fat becomes more _____.
Saturated
Ox-LDL:
Scavenger pathway
Describe the Omega naming system?
Start at methyl end of carbon chain. Indicate first double bond.
Describe the Delta naming system?
Start at the carboxyl end of the carbon chain and find all carbon double bonds.
What are the main functions of phospholipids?
THe hydrophillic phosphate heads of phospholipids orient themselves to form the cell membrane's outside edge.