chapter 62 & 63(question notes)

The pathophysiology of an ischemic stroke involves the ischemic cascade, which includes the following steps. Place the steps in the order in which they occur. All options must be used. 1. Change in pH 2. Blood flow decreases 3. A switch to anaerobic respiration 4. Membrane pumps fail 5. Cells cease to function 6. Lactic acid is generated

3,5,2,4,1,6

A nurse has received an unconscious client with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The nurse is concerned about the client's skin integrity and implements interventions to prevent pressure injuries. Which action should the nurse implement during the shift? A. Assessing all body surfaces and documenting skin integrity every 8 hours B. Turning and repositioning the client every 6 hours C. Providing skin care with barrier care ointments once a day D. Assisting the client to get out of bed to a chair four times a day.

A. Assessing all body surfaces and documenting skin integrity every 8 hours

The nurse is assessing a client with a spinal cord injury that reports a severe headache with a rapid onset. The nurse knows that this could be a symptom of which complication of a spinal cord injury? A. Autonomic dysreflexia B. Spinal shock C. Retinal hemorrhage D. Myocardial infarction

A. Autonomic dysreflexia

The nurse is caring for a client whose spinal cord injury has caused recent muscle spasticity. What medication should the nurse expect to be prescribed to control this? A. Baclofen B. Dexamethasone C. Mannitol

A. Baclofen

The nurse is planning the care of a client with a T1 spinal cord injury. The nurse has identified the diagnosis of "risk for impaired skin integrity." How can the nurse best address this risk? A. Change the client's position frequently. B. Provide a high-protein diet. C. Provide light massage at least daily. D. Teach the client deep breathing and coughing exercises.

A. Change the client's position frequently.

A client with a C5 spinal cord injury has tetraplegia. After being moved out of the ICU, the client reports a severe throbbing headache. What should the nurse do first? A. Check the client's indwelling urinary catheter for kinks to ensure patency. B. Lower the HOB to improve perfusion. C. Administer PRN analgesia as prescribed. D. Reassure the client that headaches are expected during recovery from spinal cord injuries.

A. Check the client's indwelling urinary catheter for kinks to ensure patency.

The school nurse has been called to the football field, where a player is laying immobile on the field after landing awkwardly on his head during a play. While awaiting an ambulance, what action should the nurse perform? A. Ensure that the player is not moved. B. Obtain the player's vital signs, if possible. C. Perform a rapid assessment of the player's range of motion. D. Assess the player's reflexes.

A. Ensure that the player is not moved.

A client is brought by ambulance to the ED after suffering what the family thinks is a stroke. The nurse caring for this client is aware that an absolute contraindication for thrombolytic therapy is what? A. Evidence of hemorrhagic stroke B. Blood pressure of 180/110 mm Hg C. Evidence of stroke evolution

A. Evidence of hemorrhagic stroke

The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected stroke. What assessment finding is most suggestive of a stroke? A. Facial droop B. Dysrhythmias C. Periorbital edema D. Projectile vomiting

A. Facial droop

When preparing to discharge a client home, the nurse has met with the family and warned them that the client may exhibit unexpected emotional responses. The nurse should teach the family that these responses are typically a result of what cause? A. Frustration around changes in function and communication B. Unmet physiologic needs C. Changes in brain activity during sleep and wakefulness D. Temporary changes in metabolism

A. Frustration around changes in function and communication

An 82-year-old client is admitted for observation after a fall. Due to the client's age, the nurse knows that the client is at increased risk for what complication of his injury? A. Hematoma B. Skull fracture C. Embolus D. Stroke

A. Hematoma

The nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by a traumatic brain injury. Which of the following clinical manifestations would suggest that the client may be experiencing increased brain compression causing brain stem damage? A. Hyperthermia B. Tachycardia C. Hypertension D. Bradypnea

A. Hyperthermia

The nurse is educating a group of nursing students about COVID-19 and risk for cerebrovascular disorders. The nurse educator notes that COVID-19 has shown to increase which condition? A. Ischemic stroke B. Decrease inflammation C. Hemorrhagic stroke D. Hypertension

A. Ischemic stroke

A client is admitted to the neurologic intensive care unit (ICU) with a suspected diffuse axonal injury. Which primary neuroimaging diagnostic tool would be used on this client to evaluate the brain structure? A. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) B. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan C. X-ray of the head D. Ultrasound of the head

A. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A nurse has a client with a spinal cord injury and is tailoring their care plan to prevent the major causes of death for this client. The nurse's care plan includes assisted coughing techniques, a sequential compression device, and prevention of pressure injuries. Which are the most likely possible causes of death for this client? A. Pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and sepsis B. Cardiac tamponade, hypoxia, and malnutrition C. Oxygen toxicity in paralytic ileus and electrolyte imbalances D. Seizures, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections

A. Pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and sepsis

Nursing care during the immediate recovery period from an ischemic stroke should normally prioritize which intervention? A. Positioning the client to avoid intercranial pressure (ICP) B. Maximizing partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) C. Administering hypertonic intravenous (IV) solution D. Initiating early mobilization

A. Positioning the client to avoid intercranial pressure (ICP)

The client has been diagnosed with aphasia after suffering a stroke. What can the nurse do to best make the client's atmosphere more conducive to communication? A. Provide a board of commonly used needs and phrases. B. Have the client speak to loved ones on the phone daily. C. Help the client complete his or her sentences as needed. D. Speak in a loud and deliberate voice to the client.

A. Provide a board of commonly used needs and phrases.

The nurse is educating a group of students about complications of an aneurysm. Which is a complication of aneurysm? A. Seizure B. Hypernatremia C. Airway collapse D. Pneumothorax

A. Seizure

A client who suffered an ischemic stroke now has disturbed sensory perception. What principle should guide the nurse's care of this client? A. The client should be approached on the side where visual perception is intact. B. Attention to the affected side should be minimized in order to decrease anxiety. C. The client should avoid turning in the direction of the defective visual field to minimize shoulder subluxation. D. The client should be approached on the opposite side of where the visual perception is intact to promote recovery.

A. The client should be approached on the side where visual perception is intact.

A client who has experienced an ischemic stroke has been admitted to the medical unit. The client's family is adamant that the client remain on bed rest to hasten recovery and to conserve energy. What principle of care should inform the nurse's response to the family? A. The client should mobilize as soon as physically able. B. To prevent contractures and muscle atrophy, bed rest should not exceed 4 weeks. C. The client should remain on bed rest until the client expresses a desire to mobilize. D. Lack of mobility will greatly increase the client's risk of stroke recurrence.

A. The client should mobilize as soon as physically able.

A male client who is being treated in the hospital for a spinal cord injury (SCI) is advocating for the removal of the urinary catheter, stating that they want to try to resume normal elimination. What principle should guide the care team's decision regarding this intervention? A. Urinary catheter use often leads to urinary tract infections (UTIs). B. Urinary function is permanently lost following an SCI. C. Urinary catheters should not remain in place for more than 7 days. D. Overuse of urinary catheters can exacerbate nerve damage.

A. Urinary catheter use often leads to urinary tract infections (UTIs).

A rehabilitation nurse caring for a client who has had a stroke is approached by the client's family and asked why the client has to do so much for self-care while obviously struggling to do so. What would be the nurse's best answer? A. "We are trying to help the client be as useful as possible." B. "The focus on care in a rehabilitation facility is to help the client to resume as much self-care as possible." C. "We aren't here to care for the client the way the hospital staff did; we are here to help the client get better and return home." D. "Rehabilitation means helping clients do exactly what they did before their stroke."

B. "The focus on care in a rehabilitation facility is to help the client to resume as much self-care as possible."

The nurse is caring for a client who had a hemorrhagic stroke. What assessment finding constitutes an early sign of deterioration? A. Generalized pain B. Alteration in level of consciousness (LOC) C. Tonic-clonic seizures D. Shortness of breath

B. Alteration in level of consciousness (LOC)

A nurse is reviewing the trend of a client's scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). This provides what potential information to the nurse about the client's status? A. The client's level of knowledge about preceding events B. An assessment of the client's current level of consciousness C. An assessment of the client's lowest verbal and physical response to stimuli D. An in-depth and real-time neurological assessment of the client's condition

B. An assessment of the client's current level of consciousness

The nurse is caring for a client who is known to be at risk for cardiogenic embolic strokes. What arrhythmia does this client most likely have? A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Atrial fibrillation C. Supraventricular tachycardia D. Bundle branch block

B. Atrial fibrillation

A client recently had a stroke. Now the client has spasms in his/her hands, which is preventing a favorite hobby of knitting. The client is looking for a permanent solution to this problem. Which therapies would the nurse recommend? A. Botulinum toxin type A and heat B. Baclofen and stretching C. Amitriptyline and splinting D. Corticosteroids and acupuncture

B. Baclofen and stretching

A nurse is caring for a critically ill client with autonomic dysreflexia. What clinical manifestations would the nurse expect in this client? A. Respiratory distress and projectile vomiting B. Bradycardia and hypertension C. Tachycardia and agitation D. Third-spacing and hyperthermia

B. Bradycardia and hypertension

A 35-year-old client is being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for increased observation with a brain injury and is awake, alert, and disoriented to time and situation. The client sustained a fall from a roof, and x-rays are pending. The nurse would anticipate which supportive priority measures for this client? A. Seizure prophylaxis and prevention B. Cervical and spinal immobilization C. Fluid and electrolyte maintenance, D. Intubation and mechanical ventilation

B. Cervical and spinal immobilization

When caring for a client who has had a stroke, a priority is reduction of ICP. What client position is most consistent with this goal? A. Head turned slightly to the right side B. Elevation of the head of the bed C. Position changes every 15 minutes while awake D. Extension of the neck

B. Elevation of the head of the bed

A client has recently begun mobilizing during the recovery from an ischemic stroke. To protect the client's safety during mobilization, the nurse should perform what action? A. Support the client's full body weight with a waist belt during ambulation. B. Have a colleague follow the client closely with a wheelchair. C. Avoid mobilizing the client in the early morning or late evening. D. Ensure that the client's family members do not participate in mobilization.

B. Have a colleague follow the client closely with a wheelchair.

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke. When creating this client's plan of care, what goal should be prioritized? A. Prevent complications of immobility. B. Maintain and improve cerebral tissue perfusion. C. Relieve anxiety and pain. D. Relieve sensory deprivation.

B. Maintain and improve cerebral tissue perfusion.

Following a spinal cord injury, a client is placed in halo traction. While performing pin site care, the nurse notes that one of the traction pins has become detached. The nurse would be correct in implementing what priority nursing action? A. Complete the pin site care to decrease risk of infection. B. Notify the neurosurgeon of the occurrence. C. Stabilize the head in a lateral position. D. Reattach the pin to prevent further head trauma.

B. Notify the neurosurgeon of the occurrence.

The staff educator is precepting a nurse new to the critical care unit when a client with a T2 spinal cord injury is admitted. The client is soon exhibiting manifestations of neurogenic shock. In addition to monitoring the client closely, what would be the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Prepare to transfuse packed red blood cells. B. Prepare for interventions to increase the client's BP. C. Place the client in the Trendelenburg position. D. Prepare an ice bath to lower core body temperature.

B. Prepare for interventions to increase the client's BP.

A client with a recent stroke history is admitted to a rehabilitation unit and placed on high fall risk precautions. The client is impulsive, easily distracted, frequently forgets his/her cane when walking, and the location of his/her room. What stroke conditions do these signs best indicate? A. Ischemic stroke B. Right hemispheric stroke C. Hemorrhagic stroke D. Left hemispheric stroke

B. Right hemispheric stroke

A client is brought to the trauma center by ambulance after sustaining a high cervical spinal cord injury 11 /2 hours ago. Endotracheal intubation has been deemed necessary and the nurse is preparing to assist. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse associate with this procedure? A. Risk for impaired skin integrity B. Risk for injury C. Risk for autonomic dysreflexia D. Risk for suffocation

B. Risk for injury

A rapid response and stroke alert/code has been called for a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the left leg being treated with intravenous heparin. The client's international normalized ratio (INR) is 2.1 and vital signs are: Temperature 100.1°F (37.8°C), heart rate 102, blood pressure 190/100, respirations 14, and saturation 89% on room air. What are priority interventions for a client who is currently on anticoagulant therapy and having an ischemic stroke? A. Immediate intubation and urinary catheter placement B. Supplemental oxygen and monitoring blood glucose levels C. Antipyretics in order to keep the client in a state of hypothermia D. Antihypertensive medications and vital signs every two hours

B. Supplemental oxygen and monitoring blood glucose levels

A client who has sustained a nondepressed skull fracture is admitted to the acute medical unit. Nursing care should include which of the following? A. Preparation for emergency craniotomy B. Watchful waiting and close monitoring C. Administration of inotropic drugs D. Fluid resuscitation

B. Watchful waiting and close monitoring

Paramedics have brought an intubated client to the RD following a head injury due to acceleration-deceleration motor vehicle accident. Increased ICP is suspected. Appropriate nursing interventions would include which of the following? A. Keep the head of the bed (HOB) flat at all times. B. Teach the client to perform the Valsalva maneuver. C. Administer benzodiazepines on a PRN basis. D. Perform endotracheal suctioning every hour.

C. Administer benzodiazepines on a PRN basis.

A nurse is assisting a client who had a recent stroke with getting dressed for physical therapy. The client looks at each piece of clothing before putting it on the body. The client states, "This is how I know what item I am holding." What impairment is this client likely experiencing? A. Homonymous hemianopsia B. Receptive aphasia C. Agnosia D. Hemiplegia

C. Agnosia

The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a client who possesses numerous risk factors for stroke. Which of the client's medications carries the greatest potential for reducing her risk of stroke? A. Naproxen 250 PO b.i.d. B. Calcium carbonate 1,000 mg PO b.i.d. C. Aspirin 81 mg PO o.d. D. Lorazepam 1 mg SL b.i.d. PRN

C. Aspirin 81 mg PO o.d.

A client with a new diagnosis of ischemic stroke is deemed to be a candidate for treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and has been admitted to the ICU. In addition to closely monitoring the client's cardiac and neurologic status, the nurse monitors the client for signs of what complication? A. Acute pain B. Septicemia C. Bleeding D. Seizures

C. Bleeding

The nurse planning the care of a client with head injuries is addressing the client's nursing diagnosis of "sleep deprivation." What action should the nurse implement? A. Administer a benzodiazepine at bedtime each night. B. Do not disturb the client between 2200 and 0600. C. Cluster overnight nursing activities to minimize disturbances. D. Ensure that the client does not sleep during the day.

C. Cluster overnight nursing activities to minimize disturbances.

The nurse is discharging home a client who had a stroke. The client has a flaccid right arm and leg and is experiencing urinary incontinence. The nurse makes a referral to a home health nurse because of an awareness of what common client response to a change in body image? A. Confusion B. Uncertainty C. Depression D. Disassociation

C. Depression

Splints have been prescribed for a client who is at risk of developing foot drop following a spinal cord injury. When should the nurse remove and reapply the splints? A. At the client's request B. Each morning and evening C. Every 2 hours D. One hour prior to mobility exercises

C. Every 2 hours

A client diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke has been admitted to the neurologic ICU. The nurse knows that teaching for the client and family needs to begin as soon as the client is settled on the unit and will continue until the client is discharged. What will family education need to include? A. How to differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke B. Risk factors for ischemic stroke C. How to correctly modify the home environment D. Techniques for adjusting the client's medication dosages at home

C. How to correctly modify the home environment

The nurse caring for a client with a spinal cord injury notes that the client is exhibiting early signs and symptoms of disuse syndrome. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action? A. Limit the amount of assistance provided with ADLs. B. Collaborate with the physical therapist and immobilize the client's extremities temporarily. C. Increase the frequency of ROM exercises. D. Educate the client about the importance of frequent position changes.

C. Increase the frequency of ROM exercises.

A client is admitted to the neurologic ICU with a C4 spinal cord injury. When writing the plan of care for this client, which of the following nursing diagnoses would the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this client? A. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to immobility and sensory loss B. Impaired physical mobility related to loss of motor function C. Ineffective breathing patterns related to weakness of the intercostal muscles D. Urinary retention related to inability to void spontaneously

C. Ineffective breathing patterns related to weakness of the intercostal muscles

A client is brought to the ED by family after falling off the roof. The care team suspects an epidural hematoma, prompting the nurse to anticipate for which priority intervention? A. Insertion of an intracranial monitoring device B. Treatment with antihypertensives C. Making openings in the skull D. Administration of anticoagulant therapy

C. Making openings in the skull

A client with a spinal cord injury has experienced several hypotensive episodes. How can the nurse best address the client's risk for orthostatic hypotension? A. Administer an IV bolus of normal saline prior to repositioning. B. Maintain bed rest until normal BP regulation returns. C. Monitor the client's BP before and during position changes. D. Allow the client to initiate repositioning.

C. Monitor the client's BP before and during position changes.

The nurse recognizes that a client with a SCI is at risk for muscle spasticity. How can the nurse best prevent this complication of an SCI? A. Position the client in a high-Fowler position when in bed. B. Support the knees with a pillow when the client is in bed. C. Perform passive ROM exercises as prescribed. D. Administer NSAIDs as prescribed.

C. Perform passive ROM exercises as prescribed.

The nurse in the intensive care unit (ICU) is using the neurological assessment flow chart to evaluate a calm client with traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has several medications infusing. Which medication would best allow an accurate assessment of the client's neurological status? A. Lorazepam B. Benzodiazepines C. Propofol D. Midazolam

C. Propofol

A client is admitted to the neurologic ICU with a spinal cord injury. When assessing the client the nurse notes there is a sudden depression of reflex activity in the spinal cord below the level of injury. What should the nurse suspect? A. Epidural hemorrhage B. Hypertensive emergency C. Spinal shock D. Hypovolemia

C. Spinal shock

The nurse is preparing health education for a client who is being discharged after hospitalization for a hemorrhagic stroke. What content should the nurse include in this education? A. Mild, intermittent seizures can be expected. B. Take ibuprofen for a serious headache. C. Take antihypertensive medication as prescribed. D. Drowsiness is normal for the first week after discharge.

C. Take antihypertensive medication as prescribed.

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with an ischemic stroke and knows that effective positioning of the client is important. Which of the following should be integrated into the client's plan of care? A. The client's hip joint should be maintained in a flexed position. B. The client should be in a supine position unless ambulating. C. The client should be placed in a prone position for 15 to 30 minutes several times a day. D. The client should be placed in a Trendelenburg position two to three times daily to promote cerebral perfusion.

C. The client should be placed in a prone position for 15 to 30 minutes several times a day.

A client with a left hemispheric stroke is having difficulty with their normal speech patterns. The nurse is not sure whether the client has expressive aphasia or apraxia. Which statement would most likely be reflective of apraxia? A. The nurse gives direction to get out of bed but the client does not understand. B. The client points and gestures to an object needed on the overhead table. C. The client starts by saying "good morning" but finishes with saying "good day" to the nurse. D. The client sits up and turns to one side to see the object and states what is needed.

C. The client starts by saying "good morning" but finishes with saying "good day" to the nurse.

A client diagnosed with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy. The nurse explains that this procedure will be done for which purpose? A. To decrease cerebral edema B. To prevent seizure activity that is common following a TIA C. To remove atherosclerotic plaques blocking cerebral flow D. To determine the cause of the TIA

C. To remove atherosclerotic plaques blocking cerebral flow

A client with a cerebral aneurysm exhibits signs and symptoms of an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). What nursing intervention would be most appropriate for this client? A. Passive range-of-motion exercises to prevent contractures B. Supine positioning C. Early initiation of physical therapy D. Absolute bed rest in a quiet, non stimulating environment

D. Absolute bed rest in a quiet, non stimulating environment

A client sustained a head injury as a result of trauma. The health care provider has instituted seizure prophylactic measures. The nurse anticipates which specific measures being initiated for this client? A. Antiemetic medications on day three of injury B. Aspiration precautions on day four of injury C. Intubation and ventilator support on day one of injury D. Anticonvulsant medications on day two of injury

D. Anticonvulsant medications on day two of injury

The nurse has implemented interventions aimed at facilitating family coping in the care of a client with a traumatic brain injury. How can the nurse best facilitate family coping? A. Help the family understand that the client could have died. B. Emphasize the importance of accepting the client's new limitations. C. Have the members of the family plan the client's inclient care. D. Assist the family in setting appropriate short-term goals.

D. Assist the family in setting appropriate short-term goals.

A client diagnosed with a cerebral aneurysm reports a severe headache to the nurse. What action is a priority for the nurse? A. Sit with the client for a few minutes. B. Administer an analgesic. C. Inform the nurse manager. D. Call the health care provider immediately.

D. Call the health care provider immediately.

A nurse is educating a group of nursing students about signs and symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke. Which is true of hemorrhagic stroke? A. Occurs with vascular occlusion. B. Is also known as thrombotic stroke. C. Can be known as lacunar strokes. D. Can occur in the subarachnoid space.

D. Can occur in the subarachnoid space.

A nursing student is writing a care plan for a newly admitted client who has been diagnosed with a stroke. What major nursing diagnosis should most likely be included in the client's plan of care? A. Adult failure to thrive B. Post-trauma syndrome C. Hyperthermia D. Disturbed sensory perception

D. Disturbed sensory perception

What should be included in the client's care plan when establishing an exercise program for a client affected by a stroke? A. Schedule passive range of motion every other day. B. Keep activity limited, as the client may be overstimulated. C. Have the client perform active range-of-motion (ROM) exercises once a day. D. Exercise the affected extremities passively four or five times a day.

D. Exercise the affected extremities passively four or five times a day.

An ED nurse has just received a call from EMS that they are transporting a 17-year-old client who has just sustained a spinal cord injury (SCI). The nurse recognizes that the most common cause of this type of injury is what event? A. Syncope (fainting) B. Suicide attempts C. Workplace injuries D. Motor vehicle accidents

D. Motor vehicle accidents

A client with a head injury has been increasingly agitated and the nurse has consequently identified a risk for injury. What is the nurse's best intervention for preventing injury? A. Restrain the client as ordered. B. Administer opioids PRN as prescribed. C. Arrange for friends and family members to sit with the client. D. Pad the side rails of the client's bed.

D. Pad the side rails of the client's bed.

A client with an ischemic stroke has been brought to the emergency room. The health care provider institutes measures to restore cerebral blood flow. What area of the brain would most likely benefit from this immediate intervention? A. Cerebral cortex B. Temporal lobe C. Central sulcus D. Penumbra region

D. Penumbra region

A client is diagnosed with a right-sided stroke. The client is now experiencing hemianopsia. How might the nurse help the client manage the potential sensory and perceptional difficulties? A. Keep the lighting in the client's room low. B. Place the client's clock on the affected side. C. Approach the client on the side where vision is impaired. D. Place the client's extremities where the client can see them.

D. Place the client's extremities where the client can see them.

The ED is notified that a 6-year-old child is in transit with a suspected brain injury after being struck by a car. The child is unresponsive at this time, but vital signs are within acceptable limits. What will be the primary goal of initial therapy? A. Promoting adequate circulation B. Treating the child's increased ICP C. Assessing secondary brain injury D. Preserving brain homeostasis

D. Preserving brain homeostasis

A nurse on the neurologic unit is providing care for a client who has spinal cord injury at the level of C4. When planning the client's care, what aspect of the client's neurologic and functional status should the nurse consider? A. Inability to use a wheelchair B. Unable to swallow liquid and solid food C. Incontinent in bowel movements D. Requires full assistance for elimination

D. Requires full assistance for elimination

A client recovering from a stroke has severe shoulder pain from subluxation of the shoulder. To prevent further injury and pain, the nurse caring for this client is aware of what principle of care? A. The client should be fitted with a cast because use of a sling should be avoided due to adduction of the affected shoulder. B. Elevation of the arm and hand can lead to further complications associated with edema. C. Passively exercising the affected extremity is avoided in order to minimize pain. D. The client should be taught to interlace fingers, place palms together, and slowly bring scapulae forward to avoid excessive force to shoulder.

D. The client should be taught to interlace fingers, place palms together, and slowly bring scapulae forward to avoid excessive force to shoulder.

A 13-year-old was brought to the ED after being hit in the head by a baseball and is subsequently diagnosed with a concussion. Which assessment finding would rule out discharging the client? A. The client reports a headache. B. The client reports pain at the site where the ball hits his head. C. The client is visibly fatigued. D. The client's speech is slightly slurred.

D. The client's speech is slightly slurred.

A client who suffered a spinal cord injury is experiencing an exaggerated autonomic response. What aspect of the client's current health status is most likely to have precipitated this event? A. The client received a blood transfusion. B. The client's analgesia regimen was recently changed. C. The client was not repositioned during the night shift. D. The client's urinary catheter became occluded.

D. The client's urinary catheter became occluded.

The nurse is caring for a client recovering from an ischemic stroke. What intervention(s) best addresses potential complications after an ischemic stroke? Select all that apply. A. Providing frequent small meals rather than three larger meals B. Teaching the client to perform deep breathing and coughing exercises. C. Keeping a urinary catheter in place for the full duration of recovery. D. Limiting intake of insoluble fiber, carbohydrates, and simple sugars. E. Encourage the client to stay in bed and assist with turning and repositioning.

a, b

A client with spinal cord injury is ready to be discharged home. A family member asks the nurse to review potential complications one more time. What are the potential complications that should be monitored for in this client? Select all that apply. A. Orthostatic hypotension B. Autonomic dysreflexia C. DVT D. Salt-wasting syndrome E. Increased ICP

a, b, c

The emergency room (ER) nurse is caring for a client who has been brought in by ambulance after sustaining a fall at home. What physical assessment finding(s) are suggestive of a basilar skull fracture? Select all that apply A. Epistaxis B. Swelling of the tongue and lips C. Bruising over the mastoid D. Unilateral facial numbness E. Severe back pain

a, c

During a client's recovery from stroke, the nurse should be aware of predictors of stroke outcome in order to help clients and families set realistic goals. What are the predictors of stroke outcome? Select all that apply. A. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score B. Race C. LOC at time of admission D. Gender E. Age

a, c, e

The school nurse is giving a presentation on preventing spinal cord injuries (SCI). What should the nurse identify as prominent risk factors for SCI? Select all that apply. A. Young age B. Frequent travel C. African American race D. Male gender E. Alcohol or drug use

a, d, e

A nurse is taking care of a client with swallowing difficulties after a stroke. What are some interventions the nurse can accomplish to prevent the client from aspirating while eating? Select all that apply. A. Encourage the client to increase his/her intake of water and juice. B. Assist the client out of bed and into the chair for meals. C. Instruct the client to tuck his/her chin towards their chest when swallowing. D. Request a swallowing assessment by a speech therapist before the client's discharge E. Recommend the insertion of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube.

b, c

The nurse is caring for a client who is rapidly progressing toward brain death. The nurse should be aware of what cardinal sign(s) of brain death? Select all that apply. A. Absence of pain response B. Apnea C. Coma D. Absence of brain stem reflexes E. Absence of deep tendon reflexes

b, c, d