Chapter 69-Caring for clients with mood disorders

neurotransmitters

brain function, and consequently mood, depends on the dynamic interplay of?

psychomotor retardation

characterized by a lack of energy, increased sleep, and little interest in daily events or responsibilities due to low levels of norepinephrine is called?

rapid cycling bipolar disorder

clients experience at least 4 episodes of mania and depression per year.

bipolar 1 disorder

clients experience severely dysfunctional moods lasting several months. depressive phases tend to be longer than manic phases and also have delusions and hallucinations.

bipolar 2 disorder

clients have severe depression alternating with hypomania between periods of euthymia. they do not have psychotic symptoms.

mood disorders

clients who experience an extreme persistent mood or severe mood swings that interfere with social relationships.

dementia

cognitive impairment in the depressed older adult can easily be confused with?

photoperiods

daytime hours that are short because of fewer hours of sunlight is called?

psychomotor agitation

depressed individuals with excessive norepinephrine's that may experience insomnia, pacing, distractibility is called?

dopamine

excess amount of this neurotransmitters is associated with distortion of thoughts.

psychodynamic psychotherapy

is a therapy where clients discuss their early life experiences to raise repressed feelings to a conscious level. it is pattered after freudsian model.

yes

is mood disorders prevalent among close blood relatives that may suggest a genetic link?

3 to 10 days

lag time for therapeutic effect from s.s.r.i is?

lithium

A naturally occurring element found in stone and spring water from underground sources. it is believed that it helps regulate the activity between neurotransmitters and their receptor sites.

reactive (secondary) depression

A sad feeling that can be directly attributed to a situation or cause is referred to as?

major (unipolar) depression

A sad mood with no obvious relationship to situational events.

calcium

Altered ________ levels may contribute to the development of bipolar disorder because it is required for exciting neurons.

cyclothymia

Alternating sad and elated moods, resembles bipolar disorder, but the extremes of mood are less pronounced.

gamma-amino butyric acid GABA

An inhibitory neurotransmitter, to counteract the effects of the monoamines.

sad images

Appetite change, disturbed sleep, inability to concentrate, marked decrease in pleasure, apathy, including lack of interest in sex, guilty feelings, energy changes and suicidal thought. what is the acronym for this?

serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

These meds potentiate the action of both serotonin and norepinephrine by interfering with neuronal reuptake. they provide rapid relief with fewer sexual side effects.

water and sodium

Two major things a client taking lithium should intake adequately everyday?

dexamethasone suppression test or corticol suppression test

a blood test theoretically indicates major depression if cortisol levels remain high despite taking meds to lower it.

bipolar disorder

a disorder that involves cycling among depressive, euthymic, and euphoric moods.

dysthymia

a feeling of unremitting sadness, is similar to but less severe than major depression.

prefrontal cortex

a pet scan may show a change in activity and suggest a mood disorder in this region?

serotonin syndrome

a potentially life threatening condition that results from elevated levels of serotonin in the blood secondary to drug therapy.

psychotic depression

an extreme form of depressive disorder.

delusions

fixed beliefs that often are persecutory or guilt-ridden in nature is called?

phototherapy

involves using artificial light that stimulates the intensity of sunlight for people who don't live in sunny areas such as Oregon may benefit from this?

seasonal affective disorder

is a mood disorder characterized by depression that develops during darker winter months and then disappears in the spring.

transcranial magnetic stimulation

is a noninvasive method of stimulating the brain to treat depression. it delivers short pulses of energy through an electromagnetic coil placed against the scalp near the forehead.

cyclothymic disorder

is a subtype of bipolar 2 disorder. people have milder mood swings, which occur abruptly and are of short duration

affect

mood is displayed in a person's ________, the verbal and non verbal behavior that communicates feelings.

limbic system

moods are most likely generated by the ____________ which is the center for emotions.

serotonin

most antidepressants increase or potentiate levels of?

euthymic

people with normal moods are referred to as?

monoamine hypothesis

proposes that depression results from imbalances in one or more of the monoamine neurotransmitters: serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

mood

refers to a person's overall feeling state.

mania

refers to the frenzied state of euphoria exhibited by persons during the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

hallucinations

sensory phenomena such as hearing voices or seeing images that do not objectively exist is called?

3 to 6 weeks

the lag time for m.a.o.i for therapeutic effect is?

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

these meds interfere primarily with the reabsorption of serotonin. they have milder side effects, unlikely to cause death with overdose, and less dose adjustments are the advantages.

atypical antidepressants

these meds relieve depression by stabilizing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine.

melatonin

this hormone affects regulation of serotonin, induces sleep during dark hours and is suppressed by daylight. name that hormone?

deep brain stimulation

this procedure is more invasive, and has been used with Parkinson's for tremors. it can alter brain circuitry and relieve depression. it implants an electrode in the brain and the battery pack is underneath the skin like a pacemaker.

carbohydrates

this stimulates a temporary increase in serotonin production by increasing the amount of tryptophan in the brain: tryptophan is the amino acid precursor of serotonin.

behavioral therapy

this therapy endeavors to change unhealthy ways of behaving. clients are rewarded verbally when they alter their behavior positively.

interpersonal psychotherapy

this therapy facilitated by a bond that develops between a therapist and client.

supportive psychotherapy

this therapy helps clients learn about their disorder and treatment techniques, improve or develop new social skills, obtain positive reinforcement for progress, and gain encouragement to persevere,

cognitive therapy

this therapy helps clients replace negative, and often illogical ways of thinking with more positive outlooks.

electroconvulsive therapy

this therapy uses the application of an electric stimulus to one or both temporal regions of the head to produce a brief, generalized seizure.

vagus nerve stimulation

this therapy was originally used with seizures. A pulse is sent toward the brain via vagus nerve.

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

this type of med inhibits monoamine oxidase which allows the neurotransmitter to continue stimulating receptor sites for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine.

tricyclic antidepressants

were the first group of drugs used to treat depression. They block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. it can take 10 to 28 days before client notes mood changes and highly lethal if overdosed.

hypertensive crises

when m.a.o.I is combined with foods containing tyramine, clients are likely to develop a potentially fatal?