Chapter 7

40. Please create a new complementary mRNA strand by base pairing with the DNA sequence of 5'-ATCGATCG-3' Please solve this. _____________________________.

3'-UAGCUAGC-5'

9. The DNA subunits that form the "rungs" joining the two sides of the DNA molecule are formed by the A. hydrogen bonds between nitrogen base pairs. B. covalent bonds between nitrogen base pairs. C. phosphodiester bonds between the deoxyribose sugars. D. ionic bonds between the phosphate pairs.

A. hydrogen bonds between nitrogen base pairs.

44. A transposon may cause a mutation if it A. jumps into an exon of another gene. B. jumps into an intron of another gene. C. jumps into an intergenic DNA sequence. D. remains trapped within an intergenic DNA sequence. E. interacts with a physical mutagen.

A. jumps into an exon of another gene.

31. The genetic code varies from species to species. A. True. B. False.

B. False.

1. The scientist (scientists) who discovered that the genetic information can be transferred between the different bacterial strains is (are) A. Chargaff. B. Griffith. C. Wilkins and Franklin. D. Watson and Crick. E. Hershey and Chase.

B. Griffith.

42. A change in a cell's DNA sequence is A. transcription. B. a mutation. C. translation. D. replication. E. an operon.

B. a mutation.

27. The step of translation in which an mRNA, the small ribosomal subunit, and the initiator tRNA are aligned together is A. termination. B. initiation. C. transcription. D. elongation.

B. initiation.

20. In eukaryotic cells, non-coding sequences of mRNA that are removed from pre-mRNA molecule before being translated are A. anticodons. B. introns. C. terminators. D. exons. E. promoters.

B. introns.

18. In ________ every three bases is a/an ________ that codes for a/an ________. A. DNA; anticodon; mRNA B. mRNA; codon; amino acid C. tRNA; codon; protein D. mRNA; triplet; amino acid E. tRNA; anticodon; codon

B. mRNA; codon; amino acid

35. In prokaryotic cells a regulation of the gene expression is controlled by group of the genes transcribed together. These genes are called a(n) A. ribosome. B. operon. C. chromosome. D. repressor.

B. operon.

13. If an organism's DNA contains 20% adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed of thymine nucleotides? A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 30% E. 40%

C. 20%

41. What would be the first codon that will start translation in the mRNA sequence 5'-GGAAUGAAACAGGAA-3'? A. AAU B. GAA C. AUG D. GGA E. AAA

C. AUG

4. The scientist (scientists) who showed that DNA contained equal amounts of certain nitrogen bases is (are) A. Griffith. B. Avery and Macleod. C. Chargaff. D. Hershey and Chase. E. Wilkins and Franklin.

C. Chargaff.

6. The scientist (scientists) who was (were) given credit for first determining the molecule structure of DNA by building a ball-and-stick model is (are) A. Avery and Macleod. B. Griffith. C. Chargaff. D. Watson and Crick. E. Hershey and Chase

D. Watson and Crick.

11. Purine bases have a double ring structure and include. A. thymine and cytosine. B. thymine and adenine. C. uracil and cytosine. D. adenine and guanine.

D. adenine and guanine.

24. A three-base sequence (loop) in tRNA that is complementary to a sequence of three bases in mRNA is called a(n) A. promoter. B. terminator. C. amino acid attachment site. D. anticodon. E. codon.

D. anticodon.

37. If E. coli bacteria are grown in the absence of lactose, then the repressor will A. not bind the operator allowing transcription of the lac operon genes. B. bind the operator allowing transcription of the lac operon genes. C. not bind the operator preventing transcription of the lac operon genes. D. bind the operator preventing transcription of the lac operon genes.

D. bind the operator preventing transcription of the lac operon genes.

39. Please create a new complementary DNA strand by base pairing with the DNA strand sequence of: 5'-ATCGTACG-3' strand. Please solve this. _____________________________.

3'-TAGCATGC-5'

15. The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within the genes flows in which direction? A. DNA to mRNA to protein B. mRNA to DNA to protein C. DNA to DNA to protein D. DNA to tRNA to mRNA to protein E. DNA to rRNA to protein

A. DNA to mRNA to protein

30. In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can be translated by multiple ribosomes at a time. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

32.There is at least one transfer (tRNA) molecule for each of the twenty amino acids. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

5. The scientist (scientists) who used X-ray diffraction to help reveal the geometric structure of DNA is (are) A. Wilkins and Franklin. B. Avery and Macleod. C. Watson and Crick. D. Chargaff. E. Hershey and Chase.

A. Wilkins and Franklin.

26. The initiation, elongation, and termination occurs in A. both the transcription or translation. B. both the replication and translation. C. transcription only. D. translation only. E. replication only.

A. both the transcription or translation.

19. A DNA sequence that signals a gene's start is a(n) A. promoter. B. amino acid attachment site. C. anticodon. D. terminator. E. codon.

A. promoter.

10. The nucleotides called the pyrimidines have a single ring structure and include A. thymine and cytosine. B. thymine and adenine. C. uracil and cytosine. D. cytosine and guanine.

A. thymine and cytosine.

21. The process used by Ribosomes to convert the mRNA "message" into a sequence of amino acids is A. translation. B. replication. C. amino acid synthesis. D. transcription.

A. translation.

12. According to Chargaff's rules, ___ always pairs with ____, and _____ always pairs with _____. A. A; G; T; C B. A; T; G; C C. A; C; G; T D. C; T; G; A E. G; U; A; C

B. A; T; G; C

7. The technique that allowed Hershey and Chase to show which specific molecule, that the bacteriophage injects into the bacterium was to A. apply X-ray diffraction to detect whether protein or DNA was injected into a bacterium. B. tag both DNA and protein with radioactive markers, to identify which one was injected into a bacterium. C. tag only DNA in the virus with radioactive phosphorus, to identify if it as injected into a bacterium. D. apply heat to the polysaccharide of the bacterium, then determine if the protein or DNA was responsible for the infection. E. tag only protein with radioactive sulfur, to identify if it was injected into a bacterium.

B. tag both DNA and protein with radioactive markers, to identify which one was injected into a bacterium.

29. The step of translation in which the release factors bind to a stop codon is A. transcription. B. termination. C. elongation. D. initiation.

B. termination.

23. If you compared the DNA sequence of a gene with the sequence of the mature mRNA that was transcribed from the gene you would find A. both are the same length. B. the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain introns. C. the mRNA is longer because each codon of one amino acid encodes three bases. D. the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain exons

B. the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain introns.

33. Which process requires the participation of all three types of RNA? A. transcription B. translation C. RNA processing D. replication E. complementary base pairing

B. translation

36. In the Lac operon, the protein that binds to the operator to prevent the transcription is A. the promoter. B. RNA polymerase. C. the repressor. D. lactose. E. DNA polymerase

C. the repressor.

38. Which proteins initiate transcription in eukaryotes by recognizing sequences within the promoter region of a gene and attracting RNA polymerase? A. poly A tails B. TATA boxes C. transcription factors D. inducers E. repressors

C. transcription factors

14. If an organism's DNA contains 20% adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed of guanine nucleotides? A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 30% E. 40%

D. 30%

16. RNA differs from DNA in that A. RNA is single stranded. B. RNA can catalyze chemical reactions. C. RNA contains uracil. D. All of the answer choices are correct. E. RNA contains ribose.

D. All of the answer choices are correct.

2. The scientist (scientists) who used enzyme to digest proteins to show that protein was not the molecule that transferred genetic information to the bacteria was (were) A. Hershey and Chase. B. Griffith. C. Watson and Crick. D. Avery, McCarty and Macleod. E. Wilkins and Franklin.

D. Avery, McCarty and Macleod.

3. The scientist (scientists) who confirmed DNA was the genetic information by working with the viruses that infect bacteria is (are) A. Watson and Crick. B. Avery and Macleod. C. Griffith. D. Hershey and Chase. E. Chargaff.

D. Hershey and Chase.

34. How can a single gene encode for more than one protein? A. by transcribing multiple copies of mRNA B. by using different codons C. by mutating their genes D. by removing different combinations of introns E. by using transgenes

D. by removing different combinations of introns

25. A tRNA molecule has a dual binding to A. DNA and to mRNA codons. B. promoters and to terminators. C. promoters and to amino acids. D. codons of mRNA and to amino acids. E. amino acids and to DNA.

D. codons of mRNA and to amino acids.

28. The step of translation in which amino acids are added one at a time to the growing polypeptide is A. initiation. B. transcription. C. termination. D. elongation.

D. elongation.

43. The removal or addition of a nucleotide from a gene in the DNA leads to a ________. A. point mutation B. mutagen C. transposon D. frameshift mutation E. none of the above

D. frameshift mutation

22. Which of the following processes does not occur within the nucleus? A. DNA replication B. transcription C. intron removal D. translation E. primary mRNA splicing

D. translation

17. The 5' and 3' prime designations used in reference to DNA and RNA sequences are assigned to the A. hydrogen atoms that form hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides. B. nitrogen atoms in the nitrogen bases. C. carbon atoms in the nitrogen base purines and pyrimidines. D. oxygen atoms contained in the deoxyribose and ribose. E. carbon atoms of deoxyribose and ribose sugars.

E. carbon atoms of deoxyribose and ribose sugars.

8. The twisted ladder shape of DNA is a result of the covalently bonded building blocks called A. amino acids. B. monosaccharides. C. phospholipids. D. sterols. E. nucleotides.

E. nucleotides.