Chapter 7

Most blood vessels have ________ layers surrounding the lumen (space inside through which the blood flows)

3

How many valves does the heart have?

4

How many chambers does the heart have? And name them all

4 Left/Right Atria Left/Right Ventricle

Shock occurs at approximately ____________ blood loss

40%

The average adult has ______________ of blood

5-6 liters

Plasma constitutes ________ of the volume of blood

55%

Plasma is _______ water and ________ dissolved proteins, amino acids, gasses, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, lipids, vitamins, plus waste products such as urea

90% Water 10%

__________ is a plasma protein responsible for osmotic pressure and transport of many types of molecules

Albumin

Where is the first choice for Venipuncture?

Antecubital Fossa

______________ is easily accessible and contains several prominent veins that are usually a safe distance away from nerves and arteries

Antecubital Fossa

________________ area distal to the elbow joint where blood is usually drawn

Antecubital Fossa

Plasma samples are collected in an ________________ tube

Anticoagulant

Many major arteries Branch from the __________

Aorta

Which valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta

Aortic Semilunar Valve

The left ventricle contracts and forces blood through the _______________ valve and into the _____________

Aortic Semilunar Valve Aorta

Is capillary blood more similar to arterial blood or venous blood?

Arterial blood (but it is a mix of both)

Carries blood AWAY from the heart to the capillary beds (Oxygenated)

Arteries

____________________ Have take, muscular walls which expand and the contract.

Arteries

Which are located deeper? Veins or Arteries?

Arteries (But they can be found by feeling for the pulse)

Arteries branch out into smaller vessels called ______________

Arterioles

What separates the Left and Right Atria?

Atrial Septum

HCO2

Bicarbonate

The aorta, which rises over the top of the heart and drops into the thoracic and abdominal cavities, leads blood into the _______________.

Body

Blood pressure is different throughout the body, so for consistency it is usually measured from the _________________ in the upper arm

Brachial Artery

Supply oxygen to the heart and are embedded in the epicardium

CORONERY Arteries

Ca

Calcium

Blood gets the O2 pulled out in the _____________ and then it is passed to the vigneulles which carries it to the veins which returns it to the heart and lungs.

Capillaries

____________ allows for rapid diffusion of gasses and nutrients

Capillaries

______________ are composed of only single layer Tunica intima.

Capillaries

Capillaries form meshworks called ________________

Capillary Beds

What is the arteries Job?

Carry blood away from the heart

What are the 3 prominent veins and me Antecubical Fossa

Cephalic Median Cubital Basilic

CL-

Chloride

____________ is a group of immune system proteins that when activated destroy target cells by puncturing their plasma membranes

Complement

relaxation that allows blood to fill the chamber

Diastole

____________ are major ions in plasma

Electrolytes

Innermost layer of the heart which consists of endothelial cells

Endocardium

Outer layer of heart which consists of epithelial cells and underlying fibrous connective tissue

Epicardium

_____________ responsible for blood clotting

Fibrinogen

__________________ are Important parts of the immune system

Immunoglobulin

Tunica Intima

Inner Layer of blood vessel made of a single layer of endothelial cells

What separates the left and right ventricle?

Interventricular Septum

After a heart attack the resulting lack of blood flow is called ______________, Which causes damage to the cardiac muscle.

Ischemia

Cephalic Vein

Laterally Located -> 2nd choice for Venipuncture

The left atrium contracts and forces blood through the _____________Valve and into the ________________

Left AV Valve Left Ventricle

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

Left atrioventricular valve A.K.A Bicuspid Valve A.K.A Mitral Valve

Tubes that are appropriate to collect plasma in ____________________________

Light blue, Royal blue, pink, lavender Tama pearl, Gray, green

The Cepahlic, Median Cubital and Basilic Veins for VP are usually in the shape of an ______________

M or H

Mg

Magnesium

Median Cubital Vein

Medially Located -> the 1st choice for venipuncture

________________ A.K.A Heart Attack -> Is calls by insufficient blood flow to the coronary arteries.

Myocardial Infarction

Middle layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle > cells of which are packed closely together to allow electrical activity to pass across easily

Myocardium

Blood travels to the lungs where a picks up ________ and drops off ___________ In the capillaries around the alveoli.

O2 and drops off CO2

Thin, membraneous sac which supports and lubricates the heart

Pericardium

PO

Phosphate

Blood is formed from ____________

Plasma

Tubes that are used to collect plasma are also called ___________

Plasma Separator Tubes (PST)

K+

Potassium

Anticoagulant

Prevents blood clotting

Damaged cardiac muscles releases certain ____________ into the blood which can be detected by blood samples.

Proteins

Carries blood between the heart and lungs for gas exchange

Pulmonary

Which valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve A.K.A Pulmonic Valve

The right ventricle contracts and forces blood through the Pulmonary Semilunar valve and through the _________________ (Short artery connecting the right ventricle to the right and left pulmonary arteries)

Pulmonary Trunk

One the blood leaves the lungs it comes back to the heart through the left and right ____________________ into the left atrium

Pulmonary Veins

Which Valve separates the right atrium from the right Ventricle

Right Atrioventricular (AV) valve A.K.A Tricuspid valve

The right atrium contracts forcing blood through the right AV valve and into the ___________________

Right Ventricle

Na+

Sodium

SO-

Sulfate

Carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body's tissues

Systemic

contraction that forces blood out of the chamber

Systole

Does the two atria contract together or separate?

Together

Does the two ventricles contract together or separate?

Together

True or false? The blood in the arteries is under pressure ( Even during the relaxation of the heart)

True

Name the 3 layers surrounding the lumen of the blood vessels

Tunica Adventitia Tunica Media Tunica Intima

Returns blood to the heart

Veins

Which is closer to the surface of the skin? Veins or Arteries?

Veins

____________ have thinner and less muscular walls

Veins

_____________ carries blood back toward the heart

Veins

_______________ have valves inside which prevent the backflow of blood

Veins

Deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation collects in the superior and inferior ___________________ and returns blood to the right atrium.

Venae Cavae

Most blood tests are performed on the ______________

Venous Blood

Capillary blood enters ___________ smallest vein which join to form larger veins

Venules

Are arteries built to withstand the high pressure generated by ventricular contraction?

Yes

Basilic Vein

large vein on the inner side of the upper arm -> 3rd choice for Venipuncture

Tunica Media

middle layer of blood vessel made of smooth muscle

Tunica Adventitia

outer layer of blood vessel made of connective tissue

How is blood pressure written?

systolic/diastolic