Chapter 7 ~ Anatomy, Physiology, and Medical Terminology

1. A 23-year-old male has been shot with a rifle. The bullet entered his chest just above the left nipple and exited his body just left of his lumbar spine. Proper documentation of this injury would include which of the following?

1. Entry wound to anterior thorax

10. Which line divides the body into right and left halves?

10. Midline

11. A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since. You recognize that this injury involves a structure that:

11. Connects muscle to the knee

12. You have been called to transport a patient who is suffering from an illness that has caused a decrease in the ability of the involuntary muscles to move. Which one of the following conditions should you expect?

12. Decreased movement of waste through the large intestines.

13. Involuntary or smooth muscles are found on which one of the following structures?

13. Blood vessels and tendons

14.A female patient suffers from a muscular disease and cannot walk, this requiring a wheelchair. Based on the fact that she cannot ambulate, you should recognize that the muscles affected area of which type?

14. Voluntary

15. A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which one of the following could be broken?

15. femur, tibia, or fibula

16. The segment of the spinal column that forms the posterior pelvis is the:

16. Sacral vertebrae

17. A patient complains of pain to the upper jaw. This would be documented as pain in the:

17. Maxilla

18. The bones of the upper extremities include:

18. Humorous and radius

19. In which of the following respiratory structures would an occlusion cause total cessation of air flow into and out of the lungs?

19. Trachea

2. An 89-year-old patient has fallen in her living room and has pain to her left hip. As you approach, you note that she is on her back with her left leg turned inward. When relaying this information to the receiving hospital, which of the following statements would you make regarding her position?

2. Supine with medial rotation of her lower left extremity

20. What is the function of the respiratory system?

20. Provide the body with oxygen

21. The alveoli of a patient's lungs are filled with fluid and out secondary to pneumonia. For which of the following is the patient at risk?

21. Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body

22. The structure contains a person's "voice box" is termed the:

22. Larynx

23. A patient has severe swelling of the leaf-shaped flap that helps to prevent food from entering lower respiratory system. Knowing that the suffix "itis" refers to inflammation, which one of the following conditions in the patient by suffering from?

23. Epiglottis

24. Which one of the following best represents the correct sequence for the passage of air into the lungs?

24. Mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli.

25. As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. By this description, you should expect the patient's breathing to be:

25. deep, occasional, and gasping.

26. When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which one of the following occurs?

26. Exhalation

27. Which action produces inhalation?

27. Diaphragm contractions

28. The pediatric airway differs from adult airways in that:

28. the child's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth.

29. The EMT shows correct understanding of the circulatory system when he identifies the primary function of the heart as:

29. Pumping blood throughout the body

3. A female patient has suffered a stroke to the right side of her brain and has paralysis to the contralateral portion of the body. Which one of the following is true?

3. She cannot move her left arm and leg.

30. Which portion of the heart is in failure when it can no longer effectively pump blood into the lungs?

30. Right ventricle

31. The left side of a patient's heart is in severe failure, causing blood to back up behind it. What sign or symptom are you most likely to observe?

31. Crackles in the lungs

32. The left atrium:

32. Receives blood from the pulmonary veins

33. A patient has a total occlusion of the left femoral artery. Regarding this condition, which of the following might the EMT expect to find?

33. Pale skin to the left foot

34. When palpating a pulse on top of the foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow to what vessel?

34. Dorsalis pedis artery

35. A patient is complaining of extreme dizziness and headache. Which one of the following conditions is most likely to be responsible for the complaint?

35. Occlusion of the carotid arteries

36. What is the major artery of the thigh called?

36. Femoral artery

37. Which of the following is the vessel that carries oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium?

37. Vena Cava

38. A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. Failure of which one of the heart's valves is likely responsible for this condition?

38. Mitral

39. Following radiation therapy for breast cancer, a female has a low white blood cell count. What condition does this place her at risk for?

39. Infection

4. A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spinal injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in what part of the body?

4. Feet

40. You are assessing a patient who informs you that her body abnormally forms blood clots, even when they are not needed to stop bleeding. Which one of the following conditions should you expect the patient to have?

40. Elevated number of platelets

41. Which one of the following is the fluid that carries blood cells and nutrients?

41. Plasma

42. The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the left ventricle contracts is called:

42. Systolic

43. The nervous system is subdivided into the:

43. Central and peripheral systems

44. A patient's blood glucose (sugar) level begins to drop. Which one of the following organs would be affected first?

44. Brain

45. The term occipital, parietal, and frontal refer to which part of the body?

45. Cranium

46. Assessment of an elderly male shows him to be confused. His family states that this is normal for him because he has a disease of his brain that has affected his ability to remember things. Based on this information, in what area of the brain is this disease located?

46. Cerebrum

47. A patient has suffered a stroke and injury to his brainstem. Which one of the following signs and symptoms might EMT expect to see as a results of this condition?

47. Abnormal respirations

48. What body system protects internal organs and provides for movement?

48. Musculoskeletal

49. The spinal column is composed of what sections as described from superior to inferior?

49. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

5. Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the left midaxillary region. Where is this injury located?

5. Left lateral Chest

50. In the health heart, the electrical impulses that cause contraction of the cardiac muscle are initiated in the:

50. Sinoatrial node

51. A patient has taken a medication that increases the activity of his sympathetic nervous system. Which one of the following signs and symptoms would the EMT expect to find?

51. Dilated pupils

52. As a patient provides you with her past medical history, which one of the following should you recognize as directly related to the endocrine system?

52. Removal of the thyroid

53. In which one of the following body systems are the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and the gonads located?

53. Endocrine

54. A patient has suffered a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the skin, which condition is he more susceptible to?

54. infection

55. You are assessing a patient with an obvious left mid shaft femur fracture. The most immediate threat to this patient's well-being is:

55. Blood loss

56. Which one of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

56. Producing blood cells

57. EMRs inform you that a 73-year-old female has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the head?

57. Back

58. A patient suffering an orbital fracture is most likely complaint of:

58. Pain around the eye

59. A patient experiencing thoracic spine pain has pain in his:

59. Upper back

6. After you apply and use the AED, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this patient?

6. On his left side

60. Degenerative disk disease is characterized by which one of the following?

60. Breakdown of the pads between the vertebrae

61. Assessment of a patient involved in a motor vehicle collision reveals tenderness over ribs 9-12 on the lateral right side. Based on this injury, which one of the following is your immediate concern?

61. Injury to the liver

62. A patellar fracture affects which part of the body?

62. Knee

63. A patient suffering a carpal fracture would most likely complain go pain in her:

63. Wrist

64. Knowing that muscular dystrophy affects the voluntary muscles, which one of the following patient problems should you expect to be a direct effect of the disease?

64. Inability to walk

65. Which one of the following best describes the difference between cardiac and smooth muscle?

65. Cardiac muscle can generate an electrical impulse; smooth muscle cannot

66. Which one of the following statements regarding the endocrine system is true?

66. It is made up of several glands whose secretions care specific actions in specific organs

67. A patient who has had both her thyroid and parathyroid glands removed would most likely have difficulty with which one of the following?

67. Maintaining strong and healthy bones

68. Which one of the following is a beta1 sympathetic (adrenergic) effect?

68. Increase heart rate

69. An asthmatic is short of breath because her small airways are constricted. For this patient, the best medication is one that contains what sympathetic (adrenergic) properties?

69 Beta-2

7. Which plane would show the liver, stomach, and spleen?

7. Transverse plane

70. An abrasion affects which part of the skin?

70. Epidermal and dermal layers

71. Which one of the following statements regarding the integumentary system is true?

71. The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms

72. Which one of the following should the EMT expect when administering epinephrine to a patient?

72. Increased blood pressure

73. A patient informs you that he has had his gallbladder surgical removed. Based on the physiology of the gallbladder, which one of the following is true?

73. He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats

74. A patient informs you that he must sprinkle artificial digestive enzymes on all of his foods before eating them. Based on this, which one of the following organs should you assume is dysfunctional?

74. Pancreas

75. A patient with kidney failure has lost the ability to:

75. Filter and excrete wastes

76. you are using cryotherapy to treat a deformed ad painful ankle. This involves the use of:

76. Ice

77. Pain that is documented as caustic is described by the patient as:

77. Burning

78. A patient with bronchitis is suffering from:

78. Inflammation of the bronchioles

79. A patient with a calcanea fracture has a broken:

79. Heel

8. Which of the following anatomical statements is true?

8. The knee is proximal to the ankle

80. A patient with dentalgia is suffering from a (n):

80. Painful tooth

81. A patient described as dysphagic presents as:

81. Having difficulty swallowing

82. Which one of the following describes the elbow?

82. Cubital

83. A tachypneic patient is breathing:

83. Rapidly

84. An enlarged liver is best documented as:

84. Hepatomegaly

85. Nephritis indicated what kind of infection?

85. Kidney

86. Acrocyanosis is best described as a bluish discoloration of the patient's:

86. Extremities

9. Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

9. Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward