chapter 7 chemistry

How many valence electrons are in rubidium?

1

What is the charge of a particle having 9 protons and 10 electrons?

1-

What is the formula for the oxide ion?

1s2 2s2 2p6

Give the electron configuration for calcium the ion.

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

How many electrons does a gallium atom give up when it becomes an ion?

3

How many valence electrons are in bromine?

7

What is the coordination number of both ions in the cesium chloride crystal?

8

octet rule

Atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas

electron dot structure

a depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element

how many valence electrons are transferred from the nitrogen atom to potassium in the formation of the compound potassium nitride? a) 0 b) 1 c) 3 d) 2

a) 0

how many electrons does silver have to give up in order to achieve a pseudo-noble-gas electron configuration? a) 1 b) 4 c) 3 d) 2

a) 1

what is the charge on the cation in the ionic compound sodium sulfide? a) 1+ b) 3+ c) 0 d) 2+

a) 1+

what is the electron configuration of the gallium ion? a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4p6 d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10

how many electrons does barium have to give up to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration? a) 2 b) 4 c) 1 d) 3

a) 2

how many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium? a) 2 b) 5 c) 3 d) 4

a) 2

how many valence electrons does a helium atom have? a) 2 b) 5 c) 3 d) 4

a) 2

how many electrons does nitrogen gain in order to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration? a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4

a) 3

what is the formula unit of aluminum oxide? a) Al2O3 b) AlO3 c) Al3O d) AlO

a) Al2O3

alloys are commonly used in manufacturing. Which of the following is NOT a reason to use an alloy instead of a pure metal? a) Cast iron is more brittle than pure iron. b) Brass is more malleable than pure copper. c) Sterling silver is stronger than pure silver. d) Bronze is tougher than pure copper.

a) Cast iron is more brittle than pure iron.

what is the formula for sodium sulfate? a) Na2SO4 b) Na(SO4)2 c) NaSO4 d) Na2(SO4)2

a) Na2O4

which of the following is true about the melting temperature of potassium chloride? a) The melting temperature is relatively high. b) The melting temperature is variable and unpredictable. c) The melting temperature is relatively low. d) Potassium chloride does not melt.

a) The melting temperature is relatively high.

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most ionic compounds? a) They have low melting points. b) They are solids. c) They are composed of metallic and nonmetallic elements. d) When melted, they conduct an electric current.

a) They have low melting points.

an ionic bond is a bond between ____. a) a cation and an anion b) valence electrons and cations c) the ions of two different metals d) the ions of two different nonmetals

a) a cation and an anion

the octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have ____. a) the electron configuration of a noble gas b) more protons than electrons c) eight electrons in their principal energy level d) more electrons than protons

a) the electron configuration of a noble gas

what is the name given to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom? a) valence electrons b) anions c) orbital electrons d) cations

a) valence electrons

What does the term coordination number in ionic crystals refer to? a)the number of oppositely charged ions surrounding a particular ion b)the number of atoms in a particular formula unit c)the number of like-charged ions surrounding a particular ion d)the total number of valence electrons in an atom

a)the number of oppositely charged ions surrounding a particular ion

halide ion

an anion of chlorine or other halogen

valence electron

an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

What is the electron configuration of the oxide ion (O2-)? a) 1s2 2s2 2p2 b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 c) 1s2 2s2 2p4 d) 1s2 2s2

b) 1s2 2s2 2p6

what is the electron configuration of the calcium ion? a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 c) 1s2 2S2 2p6 3s2 3P6 4s2 d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

which of the following is a pseudo-noble-gas electron configuration? a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3d10 4s2 b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 c)1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3d3 d)1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10

what is the charge on the strontium ion? a) 1- b) 2+ c) 1+ d) 2-

b) 2+

how does calcium obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds? a) It does not change its number of electrons. b) It gives up electrons. c) It gains electrons. d) Calcium does not obey the octet rule.

b) It gives up electrons.

which metallic crystal structure has a coordination number of 8? a) hexagonal close-packing b) body-centered cubic c) tetragonal d) face-centered cubic

b) body-centered cubic

what is the formula of the ion formed when cadmium achieves a pseudo-noble-gas electron configuration? a)Cd+ b) cd2+ c) cd2- d) cd3+

b) cd2+

which of the following particles are free to drift in metals? a) neutrons b) electrons c) protons d) cations

b) electrons

how does oxygen obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds? a) It does not change its number of electrons. b) It gains electrons. c)It gives up electrons. d)Oxygen does not obey the octet rule.

b) it gains electrons

what is the formula of the ion formed when potassium achieves noble-gas electron configuration? a) k1- b) k+ c) k2- d) k4+

b) k+

which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to form an ionic compound? a) nitrogen and sulfur b) magnesium and fluorine c) sodium and aluminum d)oxygen and chlorine

b) magnesium and fluorine

Which of the following compounds has the formula KNO3? a) potassium nitrite b) potassium nitrate c) potassium nitride d) potassium nitrogen oxide

b) potassium nitrate

ionic compounds are normally in which physical state at room temperature? a) plasma b) solid c) liquid d) gas

b) solid

what is the basis of a metallic bond? a) the attraction of oppositely charged ions b) the attraction of metal ions to mobile electrons c) the neutralization of protons by electrons d) the attraction between neutral metal atoms

b) the attraction of metal ions to mobile electrons

under what conditions can potassium bromide conduct electricity? a)only when it is in crystal form b)only when melted or dissolved in water c)only when dissolved d)only when melted

b)only when melted or dissolved in water

the electron configuration of a fluoride ion, F - , is ____. a)1s2 2s2 2p5 b)the same as that of a neon atom c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 d) the same as that of a potassium ion

b)the same as that of a neon atom

Give the electron configurations for boron and its ion.

b: 1s2 2s2 2p1 b3+: 1s2

In a hexagonal close-packed crystal, every atom (except those on the surface) has ____ neighbors. a) 6 b) 8 c) 12 d) 10

c) 12

how many valence electrons are transferred from the calcium atom to iodine in the formation of the compound calcium iodide? a) 1 b) 0 c) 2 d) 3

c) 2

which of the following ions has a pseudo-noble-gas electron configuration? a) ni+ b) mn4+ c) cu+ d) fe+2

c) cu+

what is the name of the ionic compound formed from lithium and bromine? a) lithium bromium b) lithium bromine c) lithium bromide d) lithium bromate

c) lithium bromide

what characteristic of metals makes them good electrical conductors? a) They have mobile cations. b) they have mobile protons c) they have mobile valence electrons d) their crystal structures can be rearranged easily

c) they have mobile valence electrons

what is the net charge of the ionic compound calcium fluoride? a) 1+ b) 2- c) 1- d) 0

d) 0

what is the electron configuration of the iodide ion? a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6

d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6

what is the maximum charge an ion is likely to have? a) 5 b) 2 c) 4 d) 3

d) 3

how many valence electrons are in a silicon atom? a) 2 b) 6 c) 8 d) 4

d) 4

how many valence electrons are in an atom of phosphorus? a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 5

d) 5

what is the formula unit of sodium nitride? a) NaN b) NaN3 c) Na2N d) Na3N

d) Na3N

which of the following is true about an ionic compound? a) It is composed of anions and cations. b) It is held together by ionic bonds. c) It is a salt. d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Which of the following elements does NOT form an ion with a charge of 1+? a) sodium b) hydrogen c) potassium d) fluorine

d) fluorine

which of the following occurs in an ionic bond? a) Two atoms share more than two electrons. b) Two atoms share two electrons c) Like-charged ions attract. d) oppositely charged ions attract

d) oppositely charged ions attract

what is the formula of the ion formed when phosphorus achieves a noble-gas electron configuration? a) p3+ b) p4- c) p2+ d) p3-

d) p3-

a compound held together by ionic bonds is called a ____. a) diatomic molecule b) polar compound c) covalent molecule d) salt

d) salt

what is the formula of the ion formed when tin achieves a stable electron configuration? a) sn4- b) sn2- c) sn3+ d) sn4+

d) sn4+

Give the electron configurations for mercury and its 2+ ion.

hg: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 hg2+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10

Write the formula for the compound rubidium phosphide.

rb3p

metallic bond

the attraction of valence electrons for metal ions

ionic bond

the force of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together

coordination number

the number of ions of opposite charge surrounding each ion in a crystal