Chapter 7: Communicating in Social and Professional Relationships

Social relationships bring us what three types of rewards? A. emotional, material, and relational B. relational, material, and health C. emotional, psychological, and health D. emotional, material, and health

D. emotional, material, and health

Once you've formed a relationship with someone and you are both satisfied with its long-term balance of costs and rewards, you'll want to keep the relationship strong so it can grow and thrive, according to ______________ theory. A. social exchange B. relational maintenance C. attraction D. equity

D. equity

Culture has the strongest influence on how we define ___________________ attractiveness. A. social B. physical C. interpersonal D. task

B. physical

Which of the following is NOT a way to protect your privacy online? A. Enable the auto upload feature on smartphones and other devices. B. Delete sensitive materials regularly. C. Think twice before giving online information to others. D. Use a complex set of characters in your passwords.

A. Enable the auto upload feature on smartphones and other devices.

Which statement is NOT true about opposite-sex friendships? A. Opposite-sex friendships closely mirror same-sex friendships. B. Many opposite-sex friends feel some degree of physical or romantic attraction toward each other. C. Many opposite-sex friends have specific reasons for not wanting their friendship to evolve into a romantic relationship. D. Research suggests that both men and women value opposite-sex friendships as a chance to see things from each other's perspective.

A. Opposite-sex friendships closely mirror same-sex friendships.

Because humans are visually oriented, we are attracted by _______________, which often motivates us to get to know someone better. A. appearance B. similarity C. complementarity D. proximity

A. appearance

Lucie and Sophie have been best friends for so many years that they know one another's families, coworkers, and other friends. The two are equally welcome in all circles. Lucie and Sophie have used what relational maintenance behavior? A. convergence of social networks B. sharing tasks C. assurance D. openness

A. convergence of social networks

Sydney is getting ready to have a baby. Although she is very excited, she is also a bit nervous and doesn't know what to expect. Sydney's friends throw her a surprise baby shower to celebrate her upcoming arrival and to reassure her that all will go well. Sydney's friends are providing what kinds of rewards by supporting and celebrating with her? A. emotional B. health C. financial D. physiological

A. emotional

Li Ming is sometimes offended by her American friends' easy and open self-disclosure. In her family in China, discretion is valued, and Li Ming wouldn't be comfortable disclosing personal information to anyone except a family member or a romantic partner. Li Ming is discovering that self-disclosure A. is influenced by cultural roles. B. varies among relationships. C. varies in breadth and depth. D. is intentional.

A. is influenced by cultural roles.

When we experience _______________ rewards, our needs for items such as money, food, and shelter are being met by our social relationships. A. material B. health C. basic D. task

A. material

Which theory says that each of us is born with a drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong social relationships? A. need to belong theory B. social relationship theory C. social exchange theory D. interaction theory

A. need to belong theory

A personal friendship with customers can be successful if the friends agree that their ________________ relationship is separate and should be treated accordingly. A. professional B. coworker C. subordinate D. social

A. professional

If during your speech you reveal to the class that your mother died of cancer, you have used which of the following? A. self-disclosure B. openness C. trust D. revelation

A. self-disclosure

If you like your new classmate because of her funny and bright personality, you are experiencing ________ attraction. A. social B. task C. physical D. interpersonal

A. social

Stephen and Tim are coworkers with a strong friendship outside the workplace. They hold positions at the same level, and when a supervisory position becomes available, they both apply. Stephen is disappointed when he finds out that Tim got the promotion because Stephen feels that he is more qualified and has been at the company longer. However, because of the ________________ dimension of their relationship, Stephen acts happy and voices his support for Stephen. A. social B. task C. friendship D. professional

A. social

The guiding principle of ______________ theory is that people seek to maintain relationships in which the benefits outweigh the costs. A. social exchange B. equity C. uncertainty reduction D. relational maintenance

A. social exchange

Gia's best friend Michelle can be very critical. More often than not, Michelle is angry with Gia or ignores her. Despite her other friends' repeated pleas to end the abusive relationship, Gia sticks it out. Although she finds Michelle's behavior hurtful, Gia can't reconcile this behavior with the fact that Michelle can be kind and thoughtful as well. Gia also believes that Michelle understands her better than anyone else does. Which theory provides an explanation for why Gia maintains a relationship that appears to others to be too costly? A. social exchange theory B. attraction theory C. equity theory D. uncertainty reduction theory

A. social exchange theory

Breadth and depth are two important components of _______________ theory. A. social penetration B. relational maintenance C. attraction D. social exchange

A. social penetration

When you first meet someone, ____________________ theory suggests that you will find your lack of information about that person to be unpleasant, so you'll be motivated to find out more information. A. uncertainty reduction B. attraction C. relational maintenance D. social exchange

A. uncertainty reduction

When Helen had lunch with her brother, Gavin, on Tuesday, he confided in her that he was considering getting a divorce from his husband. The next day, when Helen was speaking to her best friend, Tanya, on the phone, she accidentally let slip that Gavin's marriage was in trouble. This demonstrates which of the following negative aspects of self-disclosure? A. violation of other people's privacy B. hurt to others C. obligations in others D. rejection

A. violation of other people's privacy

Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of friendships? A. Friendships are positive. B. Friendships are voluntary. C. Friendships are open. D. Friendships are contextual.

B. Friendships are voluntary.

When McKenzie has a glass of wine, she has a tendency to share information with her friends she does not mean to share. The last time they went out, McKenzie told her friends some embarrassing details of her teenage years, and she was mortified when they teased her the next day. Why doesn't McKenzie's sharing of this information constitute self-disclosure? A. It varies in breadth and depth. B. It is not intentional. C. It is not truthful. D. It varies among relationships.

B. It is not intentional.

Tara is moving to a new apartment across town. Several of her friends come with their trucks and help her move her belongings to her new place. They stay to help her unpack and get settled as well. Tara is experiencing what type of rewards from her friendships? A. Health B. Material C. Emotional D. Task

B. Material

Your _____________ for a particular relationship can strongly influence how satisfied you are in that relationship. A. happiness B. comparison level C. comparison level for alternatives D. social exchange

B. comparison level

In the workplace, your _____________ may be your friends, but they still expect you to furnish a high-quality service or product, and you still expect them to provide full and prompt payment. A. coworkers B. customers C. subordinates D. employees

B. customers

Sometimes the best part of self-disclosing is just the feeling of "getting something off your chest," which could be described as what kind of benefit? A. reciprocity B. emotional release C. enhancement of trust D. assistance to others

B. emotional release

By being someone's friend, you acknowledge (at least implicitly) that you expect certain things from that person and that he or she can expect certain things from you because A. friends are usually peers. B. friendships are governed by rules. C. friendships are influenced by expectations. D. friendships differ by sex.

B. friendships are governed by rules.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cost in a social relationship? A. the expense involved in going on a road trip with friends B. having friends listen to you talk about what's going on in your life C. the time spent with a friend D. helping a friend move to his new apartment

B. having friends listen to you talk about what's going on in your life

Workplace friendships are usually ____________ than regular friendships. A. easier to maintain B. more challenging to control C. more interesting D. less difficult to end

B. more challenging to control

Lydia maintains her Facebook page, posting updates regularly and commenting on her friends' posts. She also IMs and e-mails the same group of friends. She maintains her most important friendships not only in person but also online. What motivates Lydia's use of communication technology? A. relational wants B. need to belong C. interaction needs D. social skills

B. need to belong

Zach discloses very personal medical information to his therapist, yet Zach does not expect the therapist to confide in him. However, when Zach discloses to his friends, he does expect them to share information with him in exchange for his disclosures. What norm do Zach's expectations about disclosure reflect? A. norm of return B. norm of reciprocity C. norm of social exchange D. norm of sharing

B. norm of reciprocity

Amy's daughter has been attending a particular preschool for two years. Amy has formed bonds with many of the other mothers in her daughter's class. They have regular play dates and even a few "ladies' nights" without the children. Amy genuinely enjoys the time she spends with the other mothers. What most likely attracts her to the other mothers? A. complementarity B. proximity C. appearance D. lifestyle

B. proximity

Which of the following describes the act of intentionally giving others information about ourselves that we believe to be true but that we think they don't already have? A. social penetration B. self-disclosure C. social disclosure D. self-revelation

B. self-disclosure

Having strong ______________ ties with friends, neighbors, coworkers, and others improves the quality of our life in multiple ways. A. personal B. social C. relational D. professional

B. social

People in a ___________ relationship initially meet each other face-to-face but later maintain their relationship primarily or exclusively online. A. virtual B. real-world C. Pinocchio D. cyber emigrant

D. cyber emigrant

Arwan thinks that his classmate Jasmine is attractive. He invites her for coffee after class, and they discuss basic information, such as what they like to do and where they live. They spend more time together over a period of several months, and Arwan learns more personal information about Jasmine. He also gets to know what she is thinking or feeling simply by observing her nonverbal cues, such as the tone of her voice or her facial expressions. Arwan likes Jasmine more as he learns more about her. Which theory best represents Arwan's experience? A. attraction theory B. uncertainty reduction theory C. social exchange theory D. relational maintenance theory

B. uncertainty reduction theory

Which of the following is one of the reasons why solitary confinement is considered a harsh punishment for prisoners? A. Interacting only with people for whom we have no real feelings is unrewarding. B. Most of us aren't satisfied if we have emotionally close relationships with people we don't get to see. C. Being cut off from social interaction can be physically and psychologically devastating. D. We develop many of our important relationships in face-to-face contexts.

C. Being cut off from social interaction can be physically and psychologically devastating.

Which of the following is NOT a major reason that people use instant messaging? A. Breaking up with someone B. Making plans with friends C. Meeting someone new D. Playing a trick on someone

C. Meeting someone new

Which theory explains why individuals are drawn to others? A. social exchange theory B. relational maintenance theory C. attraction theory D. uncertainty reduction theory

C. attraction theory

Kevin and Lily are classmates and have known each other for a few semesters. They meet frequently for lunch after classes, and they talk about a wide range of topics. However, Kevin has noticed that Lily likes to gossip, sharing others' secrets with him. He is guarded with how much information he shares with her, for fear that she will share it with others. According to social penetration theory, Kevin's self-disclosure has ___________ but not depth. A. variety B. range C. breadth D. difference

C. breadth

Shannon and Emilio have been dating for three months. Although Shannon is happy with Emilio and feels that he treats her well, she is excited to hear through the grapevine that Travis is also interested in her. Shannon finds Travis to be more attractive and exciting than Emilio, and after some thought, she breaks up with Emilio to date Travis. Shannon most likely used her _____________ to make the decision. A. comparison level B. conscience C. comparison level for alternatives D. equity theory

C. comparison level for alternatives

The saying "opposites attract" might seem true because we are attracted by A. proximity. B. appearance. C. complementarity. D. similarity.

C. complementarity.

Examples of ___________ rewards include support and happiness. A. health B. relational C. emotional D. material

C. emotional

What theory maintains that a good relationship is one in which your ratio of costs and rewards is equal to your partner's? A. social exchange theory B. attraction theory C. equity theory D. uncertainty reduction theory

C. equity theory

Research suggests that close relationships help people manage the negative effects of stress because social relationships bring ______________ rewards. A. material B. basic C. health D. personal

C. health

Many public agencies and private corporations expect specific communication behaviors from their employees. These might include all of the following, EXCEPT A. being open to others' opinions. B. listening attentively. C. limiting discussion of controversial topics. D. treating people with dignity.

C. limiting discussion of controversial topics.

Which of the following is a risk of self-disclosure? A. reciprocity B. emotional release C. obligations in others D. assistance to others

C. obligations in others

A ________ is someone who is similar to you in power or status. A. friend B. classmate C. peer D. subordinate

C. peer

In 2006, the pop star Ashlee Simpson underwent rhinoplasty to have the size and shape of her nose reduced. Though she denied having surgery for a while, Simpson ultimately told Us Weekly in 2008, "I used to look at a beautiful girl on the cover of a magazine and think I could never be that. ... I like to get dressed up now, and that's something I've never been into before." Simpson appeared to have believed that a smaller nose improved her ____________ attractiveness. A. social B. interpersonal C. physical D. task

C. physical

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of self-disclosure? A. emotional release B. reciprocity C. professional development D. assistance to others

C. professional development

Which word best encompasses the idea that we are attracted to others who are like us? A. appearance B. complementarity C. similarity D. proximity

C. similarity

Friendships between _______________________ are considerably more complicated than other workplace relationships because they include a power difference. A. coworkers B. employees and clients C. superiors and subordinates D. superiors and clients

C. superiors and subordinates

Which of the following is NOT one of the five relational maintenance behaviors? A. positivity B. assurances C. support D. openness

C. support

Liking your brother's best friend the more you get to know him is a reflection of the ______________ theory. A. social exchange B. relational maintenance C. uncertainty reduction D. attraction

C. uncertainty reduction

Acquaintanceships with casual friends at work or school could be characterized by breadth of disclosure but very little depth; however, close friendships involve a higher degree of both breadth and depth. Which statement best explains why this is? A. Self-disclosure is usually reciprocal. B. Self-disclosure is influenced by cultural and gender roles. C. Self-disclosure is intentional. D. Self-disclosure varies among relationships.

D. Self-disclosure varies among relationships.

___________ theory is a good illustration of how self-disclosure over time is like peeling away the layers of an onion: Each self-disclosure helps us to learn more about the person. A. Equity B. Relational maintenance C. Social exchange D. Social penetration

D. Social penetration

When Mason's father dies, Mason feels alone, despite being surrounded by family and friends. He thinks that no one understands how he feels, being without a father. After the funeral, Mason's friend Jayden pulls Mason aside to tell Mason that his own father died two years ago. Mason feels reassured that he is not alone and that Jayden can truly understand how he feels. In this instance, Jayden used self-disclosure as __________ Mason. A. enhancement to his relationship with B. reciprocity with C. emotional release for D. assistance to

D. assistance to

If you believe that friends should always be there for you and support you even if they disagree with your decisions, that is your _______________ for friendship. A. social exchange rate B. equity expectation C. comparison level for alternatives D. comparison level

D. comparison level

Social relationships carry ___________ as well as benefits. A. needs B. problems C. wants D. costs

D. costs

The most likely opportunity for forming friendships at work arises with respect to whom? A. superiors B. subordinates C. clients D. coworkers

D. coworkers

In superior-subordinate relationships in the workplace, it is best if the parties do all of the following EXCEPT A. acknowledge that their friendship and their work relationship might conflict. B. agree to keep their friendship and their work relationship as separate as they can. C. acknowledge the possibility of conflicts. D. establish their expectations for how to address clashes of interest only after such clashes occur.

D. establish their expectations for how to address clashes of interest only after such clashes occur.

Reilly and Karissa have been friends for years. When they are together, they spend a lot of time catching up and sharing their feelings about recent events in their lives. However, when Reilly spends time with another friend, Andrew, she notices that they spend more time bonding through activities such as mini-golfing and surfing, and they often flirt and make jokes of a sexual nature. These differences in Reilly's friendships illustrate the theory that A. friendships differ by culture. B. friendships are influenced by expectations. C. friendships are usually stronger with peers. D. friendships differ by sex.

D. friendships differ by sex.

People who share ___________ information with online friends are more likely to experience stronger ties than those who don't. A. confidential B. interesting C. impersonal D. personal

D. personal

We're more likely to form attraction, particularly social and task attraction, with people we see often because we are attracted by A. appearance. B. similarity. C. complementarity. D. proximity.

D. proximity.

If you don't hesitate to give your friend a ride to school when her car breaks down because you know that she would do the same for you, you are engaging in what relational maintenance behavior? A. convergence B. assurance C. social networking D. sharing tasks

D. sharing tasks

Numerous studies have shown that in general we find ______________ to be more attractive than complementarities. A. proximity B. appearance C. task orientations D. similarities

D. similarities

Cameron really likes his new roommate, Tom. Tom is clean, always picks up after himself, and pitches in when it is time to cook dinner. Cameron also appreciates that Tom is a great karaoke partner when they go to the karaoke bar on Tuesday nights. Cameron is experiencing which type of attraction to Tom? A. social B. physical C. interpersonal D. task

D. task

Stavros and Craig have been friends and roommates for many years. Lately, Stavros has been feeling dissatisfied in the relationship. He notices that Craig discusses his own personal problems but never seems to have time to listen to Stavros's problems. Craig has a tendency not to clean up after himself. He's also quick to borrow "a few bucks" but never seems to repay the money. According to equity theory, Stavros is feeling dissatisfied in the relationship because he is A. over-benefited. B. overwhelmed. C. underappreciated. D. under-benefited.

D. under-benefited.

Because friendships are ______________, we not only have to interact with a person to form the friendship but also have to use relational maintenance behaviors, such as openness, positivity, and network convergence, to maintain the relationship. A. lifelong B. challenging C. social exchanges D. voluntary

D. voluntary