Chapter 7: Database Processing Applications

What are the functions of the application program in the ODBC architecture?

-issues requests to create a connection with a data source -issues SQL statements and receives results -processes errors -starts, commits, and rollbacks transactions

PHP concatenation operator

.=

What are two different Web servers that we could use to store the Web pages that we will build and use?

1. Apache HTTP Server 2. Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Server

What are the three types of data sources?

1. File data source 2. System data source 3. User data source

What are the two types of drivers?

1. Single-tier driver 2. Multiple-tier driver

What are three reasons that XML is superior to HTML?

1. XML provides a clean separation between document structure, content, and materialization 2. XML is standardized but allows for extension by developers 3. XML forces consistent tag use

ADO Has now been followed by _______________, which is an improved version of ADO developed as part of Microsoft's _______________ initiative

ADO.NET; .NET

_______________, the follow up to Microsoft _______________, is used in Web pages to create Web-based database applications

ASP.NET; Active Server Pages

Microsoft developed _______________, which is a set of objects for utilizing OLE DB that is designed for use by any language, including VB, VBScript, and JScript

Active Data Objects (ADO)

all PHP variables start with:

a dollar sign symbol ($)

file data source

a file that can be shared among database users; the only requirement is that users have the same DBMS driver and privilege to access the database

trigger

a program attached to a specific table to view within a database and executed by the DBMS when specific events occur using that table or view the events are typically SQL commands that use the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements and these events are then handled with BEFORE, AFTER, or INSTEAD OF trigger logic

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

a standard means for defining the structure of documents and for transmitting documents from one computer to another

the W3C has current standards for HTML, _______________, and a mixture of the two called _______________

Extensible Markup Language (XML); XHTML

HTML itself is a standard set of _______________ and _______________ that can be interpreted by web browsers to create specific onscreen displays

HTML syntax rules; HTML document tags

this chapter uses the _______________ standard

HTML5

What is a characteristic of HTTP that complicates web database application processing?

HTTP is a stateless system, meaning it has no provision for maintaining sessions between requests this is not acceptable for applications that require multiple database actions in an atomic transaction; as a result, additional code must be added to database applications to enable transaction processing

the most basic web pages are created using _______________

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

although a simple text editor such as Notepad is fine for simple Web pages, as we start creating more complex pages, we will move to an _______________

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

_______________ is a combination of HTML and Java that accomplishes the same function as ASP by compiling pages into Java servlets

Java Server Pages

What is the integrated development environment (IDE) that we will be using in this chapter?

NetBeans IDE

to create a system data source in the Windows operating system, you use the _______________

ODBC Data Source Administrator

the basic _______________ is a three-tier Web server environment

ODBC architecture

in ODBC architecture, the application program, the _______________, and the _______________ all reside on the Web server

ODBC driver manager; ODBC DBMS driver

in the mid-1990s, Microsoft announced _______________, which is an object-oriented interface that encapsulates data server functionality

OLE DB

What is the timeline for Microsoft's API development?

OLE DB -> ADO -> ADO.NET

to save programmers from having to learn to use many different interfaces, the computer industry has developed standards for database access; the _______________ standard was developed in the early 1990s to provide a DBMS-independent means of processing relational database data

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) ODBC is a standard interface to make it easier for programmers

for PHP, we can use NetBeans as modified for the _______________, which is specifically intended to provide a PHP development environment in NetBeans

PHP plugin

PHP, which is an abbreviation for _______________, is a scripting language that can be embedded in web pages

PHP: Hypertext Processor

refers to a process that causes the data in the form to be delivered to the PHP server so it can be used in an array variable named $_POST

POST method

_______________ is an XML-based standard protocol for sending messages of any type, using any protocol, over the Internet

SOAP

to make a web database truly useful, we would have to have web pages that allow us to input data as well as read it; when we do this, however, we must use care in creating input web pages or we may create a vulnerability that allows a _______________

SQL injection attack

enterprise-class DBMS products such as SQL Server, Oracle Database, MySQL, and DB2 include features that enable developers to create modules of logic and database actions; these features are known as _______________ and include triggers, stored procedures, and user-defined functions

SQL/Persistent Stored Modules

XML is a subset of _______________

Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

T/F: Although it may reformat a SQL request to conform to the dialect of a particular data source, drivers do not process SQL

True

T/F: OLE DB was designed not just for access to relational databases, but also for accessing many other types of data as well

True

T/F: Today, Web applications based on database processing are the rule, not the exception

True

T/F: Internet Application Processing is more complicated than traditional application processing

True; the network becomes an integral part of the application

some databases are used with only a few forms and reports; others are processed by the _______________, commonly just called _______________ applications using Internet technology such as Active Server Pages .NET (ASP.NET) and Java Server Pages (JSP)

World Wide Web (WWW); Web

the rules of HTML are defined as standards by the _______________

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

the use of XML for the transmission of database data is especially important because of the development of a new standard called _______________, or just _______________

XML Web Services; Web services

XML Web Services

XML is known for its ability to create tags and XML web services is a means for sharing elements of program functionality over the Web; you can publish your database application over the Web in such a way that other programs can consume your program as if it were on their own machine

user data source

available only to the user who created it

Why did Microsoft develop Active Data Objects (ADO) if it already had OLE DB?

because OLE DB is not as accessible to users of Visual Basic (VB) and scripting languages

Why is the file name index.html popular?

because it is one of only a few file names that most Web servers automatically display when a URL request is made without a specific file reference

each created data source is given a _______________ that is used to reference the data source

data source name (DSM)

Why do database processing and document processing need each other?

database processing needs document processing for expressing database views and document processing needs database processing for storing and manipulating data as Internet usage increases, organizations want to make their Web pages more functional by displaying and updating data from organizational databases

What happens with the statements included between <?php and ?> ?

denotes PHP code that will be sent to the web server computer

in ODBC, when the application requests a connection, the driver:

determines the type of DBMS that processes a given ODBC data source and loads the appropriate driver into memory

in HTML, the code segment <!DOCTYPE html> is an HTML/XML _______________, which is used to check and validate the contents of the code that you write

document type declaration (DTD)

integrated development environment (IDE)

gives you a more robust and user-friendly means of creating and maintaining your web pages

the file _______________ generates the Web page that Internet Explorer (or whatever browser) will see displayed

iisstart.htm

when IIS is installed, it creates an _______________ on the C drive

inetpub folder

system data source

local to a single computer; the operating system and any user on that system (with proper permissions) can use a system data source

distributed database system

occurs when several computers can run the DBMS and are processing the database at the same time

multiple-tier driver

processes ODBC calls but passes SQL requests directly to the database server

driver

processes ODBC requests and submits specific SQL statements to a given type of data source; there is a different driver for each data source type

single-tier driver

processes both ODBC calls and SQL statements

tiers

refer to the number of computers involved in the Web database application

some HTML tags are _______________, meaning they do not need a closing tag

self contained

ODBC DBMS driver

sends requests to data sources, which reside on the database server

driver manager

serves as an intermediary between DBMS drivers and the application program

user-defined function

similar to a computer program function and provides a reusable, single-purpose shortcut to completing some task; stored in the database that uses it, the function receives input values and returns a calculated or otherwise processed result

stored procedure

similar to a computer program subroutine, but it is stored within a database that performs database activity

PHP comments

single line: // multiple line: /* */

data source

the database and its associated DBMS, operating system, and network platform a database and the DBMS that processes it

Where do applications fit in the web database processing environment?

they interact with the DBMS to access data from the database

if the Web server and the DBMS run on different computers, the system has _______________

three-tier architecture

What is the best data source choice for Internet applications?

to create a system data source on the Web browser

in a Web-based database processing environment, if the Web server and DBMS can run on the same computer, the system has _______________

two-tier architecture (one tier is for the browser and the other for the web server/DBMS computer)

What is the database processing environment?

users -> database application -> database management system (DBMS) -> database

ASP.NET

uses Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the Microsoft .NET languages to create web pages that can read and write database data and transmit it over public and private networks using Internet protocols

What is the first tier in an n-tier architecture?

web browser

the application program, the ODBC driver manager, and the ODBC DBMS driver all reside on the:

web server

LAMP

when AMP is running on the Linux operating system

WAMP

when AMP is running on the Windows operating system

three-tier architecture

when the Web server and the DBMS are on separate servers

two-tier architecture

when the Web server and the DBMS are on the same server

within the inetpub folder is the _______________, which is where IIS stores the most basic Web pages used by the web server

wwwroot folder

Java Server Pages (JSPs) are often used on the open source _______________ web server

Apache

AMP

Apache-MySQL-PHP/Pearl another favorite combination of Web developers is the Apache web server with the MySQL database and either the Pearl or PHP language

every DBMS has an _______________, a collection of objects, methods, and properties for executing DBMS functions from program code

Application Programming Interface (API)