Chapter 7 Ems
1) A 23-year-old male patient has been shot with a rifle by an assailant standing in front of him. The bullet entered the victim's chest just above the left nipple and exited his body laterally left of his fourth lumbar vertebrae. Proper documentation of this injury would include: A) Entry wound to the anterior thorax B) Exit wound to the posterior thorax C) Entry wound to the abdomen D) Exit wound to the posterior torso
A
11) A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since then. You recognize that this injury involves a structure that: A) Connects muscles to the knee B) Connects the muscles together surrounding the knee C) Holds and secures the bones of the knee D) Attaches a ligament to the knee
A
12) You have been called to transport a patient who has an illness that has impaired the involuntary muscles' ability to contract. What condition would you expect with this patient? A) Decreased peristaltic movement of the large intestine B) Decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure C) Difficulty in walking and grasping objects with the hands D) Difficulty in maintaining an upright posture
A
14) A female patient has a muscular disease and cannot walk, so she requires a wheelchair. Because the patient cannot ambulate by her own will, you would recognize that the muscles involved are: A) Voluntary B) Involuntary C) Cardiac D) Smooth
A
18) The bones of the upper extremities include the: A) Humerus and radius B) Humerus and calcaneus C) Phalanges and tibia D) Radius, ulna, and tarsals
A
23) A patient has severe swelling of the leaf-shaped flap that helps to prevent food from entering the lower respiratory system while swallowing. Knowing that the suffix "itis" refers to inflammation, what is this patient's condition? A) Epiglottitis B) Tracheitis C) Pharyngitis D) Bronchitis
A
28) The infant airway differs from the adult airway in that: A) The infant's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth B) The infant's trachea is highly rigid and less flexible to movement C) All of the infant's respiratory structures are proportionally smaller and more easily obstructed D) The infant's epiglottis is smaller and located behind the esophagus
A
33) A patient has a total occlusion of the left femoral artery. With this condition, which assessment finding would the EMT expect? A) Pale skin to the left foot B) Swelling in the legs C) Difficulty moving the left arm D) Decreased radial pulse
A
35) A patient complains of extreme dizziness, headache, and other "stroke-like" symptoms. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these symptoms? A) Occlusion of the carotid arteries B) Clot in the abdominal aorta C) Rupture of the radial vein D) Occlusion of the popliteal vein
A
42) The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the left ventricle contracts is called: A) Systolic B) Arterial C) Diastolic D) Osmotic
A
50) In the healthy heart, the electrical impulses that cause normal contraction of the cardiac muscle are initiated in the: A) Sinoatrial node B) Left atrium C) Bundle branches D) Ventricles
A
54) A patient has experienced a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the skin, he is now more susceptible to: A) Infection B) Fluid overload C) Heart problems D) Endocrine disorders
A
56) What is a function of the skeletal system? A) Producing blood cells B) Protecting all of the abdominal organs C) Providing structure and points of attachment to blood vessels D) Forming the vital organs of the body
A
60) Degenerative disk disease to the vertebrae is characterized by damage to which structure(s) between the vertebrae? A) Intervertebral disks B) Spinal joints C) Spinal cord D) Vertebral nerve endings
A
65) Which statement best describes the difference between cardiac and smooth muscle? A) Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical impulse; smooth muscle cannot B) Cardiac muscle is able to extend; smooth muscle can only contract C) Cardiac muscle relies on an electrical impulse to be stimulated; smooth muscle does not D) Cardiac muscle does not need a blood supply; smooth muscle does
A
7) Which plane would show the liver, stomach, and spleen? A) Transverse plane B) Midline plane C) Abdominal plane D) Sagittal plane
A
71) Which statement regarding the integumentary system is true? A) The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms B) The skin contains four layers: epidermal, dermal, subcutaneous, and nerve layer C) The epidermis is the thickest and most important layer of the skin D) The dermal layer is the outermost layer of the skin and contains sensory nerves
A
73) A patient informs you that he has had his gallbladder surgically removed. Based on the physiology of the gallbladder, which statement is most true regarding this patient? A) He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats B) He cannot store glycogen produced by the liver C) He will be more prone to gastric ulcers D) He must avoid meals high in complex carbohydrates
A
77) Pain that is described as "caustic" by the patient is: A) Burning B) Sharp C) Stabbing D) Achy
A
80) A patient with dentalgia is suffering from a(n): A) Painful tooth B) Throat infection C) Inflammation of the tongue D) Sinus infection
A
90) Which organ(s) is (are) responsible for production and secretion of the primary female hormone progesterone? A) Ovaries B) External genitals C) Testes D) Uterus
A
91) Which term refers to how the parts of the body function and interact? A) Physiology B) Anatomy C) Aerobic metabolism D) Biome
A
94) A psychologically disturbed patient decided to kill himself by shooting himself in the head. The bullet entered the right temporal lobe and exited the skull on the opposite side. If this patient is unresponsive, what is the most likely cause? A) Both cerebral hemispheres are damaged B) The cerebellum is damaged C) The patient has likely lost too much blood D) The endocrine system (hypothalamus) has failed
A
96) You are reading a patient care report written by your partner. Which sentence would cause you to tell your partner that you have found an error? A) "The patient was placed in a face-up prone position." B) "The patient was in a lateral recumbent position so as to allow airway monitoring while en route to the hospital." C) "The patient was placed in Fowler's position with the upper body elevated 45 degrees." D) "The patient was found in a supine position with his hips and legs flexed toward the core."
A
13) Involuntary or smooth muscles are found in the walls of which types of structures? A) Muscles of the arms and legs B) Blood vessels and intestines C) Spinal cord D) Heart and brain
B
15) A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which bones could be involved in this injury? A) Acetabulum, calcaneus, or carpals B) Femur, tibia, or fibula C) Orbit, lumbar, or shin D) Radius, ulna, humerus, or carpals
B
22) The structure containing a person's "voice box" is termed the: A) Pharynx B) Larynx C) Trachea D) Sternum
B
25) As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. Based on this description, you would expect the patient's breathing to be: A) Irregular and deep B) Occasional and gasping C) Rapid and shallow D) Deep and fast
B
29) The EMT shows correct understanding of the circulatory system when he identifies the primary function of the heart as: A) Transferring oxygen to the cells B) Pumping blood throughout the body C) Oxygenating blood in the lungs D) Maintaining the volume of blood
B
32) What is the primary function of the left atrium? A) It receives blood from the vena cava B) It receives blood from the pulmonary veins C) It pumps blood to the lungs D) It pumps blood to the body
B
36) What is the major artery of the thigh called? A) Carotid artery B) Femoral artery C) Radial artery D) Brachial artery
B
39) Following radiation therapy for breast cancer, a female patient has a low white blood cell count. Which condition does this factor place her at risk to acquire? A) Hypoxia B) Infection C) Bleeding D) Low blood pressure
B
4) A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spine injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in which part of the body? A) Hands B) Feet C) Arms D) Fingers
B
44) A patient's blood glucose (sugar) level begins to drop. Which organ would be affected first due to its heavy reliance on circulating glucose? A) Spleen B) Brain C) Muscles D) Heart
B
45) The terms "occipital," "parietal," and "frontal" can refer collectively to which part of the body? A) Chest B) Cranium C) Pelvis D) Spine
B
47) A patient has experienced a stroke that has permanently injured his brainstem. Which sign or symptom might the EMT expect to find as a result of this condition? A) Confusion B) Abnormal respirations C) Blindness D) Muscle spasms
B
51) A patient has taken a medication that increases the activity of his sympathetic nervous system. Given this treatment, which sign or symptom would the EMT expect to find? A) Decreased heart rate B) Dilated pupils C) Low blood pressure D) Dry and flushed skin
B
53) In which body system are the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and gonads located? A) Nervous B) Endocrine C) Hormonal D) Respiratory
B
55) You are assessing a patient with an obvious left midshaft femur fracture. The most immediate threat to this patient's survival is: A) Infection B) Blood loss C) Pain D) Nerve damage
B
6) After you apply and use the automated external defibrillator, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this patient? A) On his back B) On his left side C) On his stomach D) Supine with his head turned left
B
61) Assessment of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision reveals tenderness over ribs 9-12 on the lateral right side. Based on this injury, the EMT should be alert for which additional concern? A) Damage to the heart B) Injury to the liver C) Pain from possible rib fractures D) Damage to the false ribs
B
63) A patient suffering a carpal fracture would most likely complain of pain in her: A) Ankle B) Wrist C) Knee D) Elbow
B
67) A patient who has had both her thyroid and parathyroid glands removed would most likely have difficulty with: A) Producing the hormones that govern sex characteristics B) Maintaining strong and healthy bones C) Regulating blood sugar D) Maintaining an adequate blood pressure
B
68) Which finding is a beta-1 sympathetic (adrenergic) effect? A) Bronchodilation B) Increased heart rate C) Vasodilation D) Vasoconstriction
B
72) Which assessment finding should the EMT expect after administering epinephrine to a patient? A) Slowing of the heart rate B) Increased blood pressure C) Labored breathing D) Generalized weakness
B
76) You are using cryotherapy to treat a deformed and painful ankle. This treatment involves the use of: A) Compression B) Ice C) Massage D) Heat
B
81) A patient described as dysphagic presents as: A) Having difficulty breathing B) Having difficulty swallowing C) Being unable to speak D) Exhibiting a painful cough
B
84) An enlarged liver is best documented as: A) Hepatitis B) Hepatomegaly C) Ascites D) Gastric distention
B
86) Acrocyanosis is best described as a bluish discoloration of the patient's: A) Head B) Extremities C) Chest D) Abdomen
B
9) Which statement best describes the anatomic position? A) Supine position with arms at the side and palms facing downward B) Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward C) Prone position with arms upward and palms facing upward D) Upright and facing backward with the arms raised and legs straight
B
92) Understanding physiology will allow the EMT to understand that bronchoconstriction will have which effect on breathing? A) There will be a decrease in the work of breathing B) There will be an increase in the work of breathing C) There will be an increase in the flow of air through the bronchioles D) There will be a decrease in the patient's respiratory rate
B
97) Which type of joint provides the greatest amount of free motion? A) Hinged joint B) Ball-and-socket joint C) Gliding joint D) Saddle joint
B
98) An example of a pivot joint of the body would be: A) Where the femur joints the pelvis B) Where the radius and ulna meet the humerus C) Where the first and second vertebrae meet D) Where the ankle meets the tibia and ulna
B
99) Based on the anatomic and physiological differences between an infant and an adult, which finding would suggest respiratory distress in an infant, but would be less likely to be observed in an adult? A) Nasal flaring during exhalation B) Excessive abdominal wall motion C) Increased respiratory rate D) Breathing with the mouth open
B
10) Which line divides the body into right and left halves when viewing it from the front? A) Midaxillary line B) Anterior axillary line C) Midline D) Midclavicular line
C
17) A patient complains of pain to the upper jaw. This would be documented as pain in the: A) Mandible B) Zygoma C) Maxilla D) Mastoid
C
19) Occlusion to which pulmonary structure would cause total cessation of airflow into and out of the lungs? A) Right bronchi B) Nasopharynx C) Trachea D) Esophagus
C
2) An 89-year-old female patient has fallen in her living room and has pain in her left hip. As you approach, you note that she is on her back with her left leg turned inward. When relaying this information to the receiving hospital, how would you describe her position? A) Supine with lateral rotation of the left lower extremity B) Lateral recumbent with dorsal rotation of the left leg C) Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity D) Supine with left rotation of the right leg
C
21) The alveoli of a patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. How does this disturbance place the patient at risk? A) Decreased movement of air into the lungs B) Decreased movement of the diaphragm C) Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body D) Collapse of the trachea and bronchi
C
27) Which action produces inhalation and contributes to airflow into the lungs? A) The intercostal muscles relax B) The chest cavity decreases in size C) The diaphragm contracts D) The pressure in the chest increases
C
30) Which portion of the heart is in failure when it can no longer effectively pump blood to the lungs? A) Left atrium B) Left ventricle C) Right ventricle D) Pulmonary vein
C
37) Which structure or vessel carries oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium? A) Posterior tibial B) Internal jugular C) Vena cava D) Aorta
C
38) A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. Failure of which of the heart's valves is likely responsible for this condition? A) Tricuspid B) Right C) Bicuspid D) Pulmonary
C
46) Assessment of an elderly male patients reveals that he is confused. His family states that this status is normal for him because he has a disease of his brain that has affected his ability to remember things. Based on this information, in which area of the brain is this disease located? A) Pons B) Brainstem C) Cerebrum D) Cerebellum
C
48) Which body system protects internal organs of the chest and provides for movement of the extremities? A) Endocrine B) Nervous C) Musculoskeletal D) Immune
C
5) Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the right midaxillary region. Which description best identifies where is this injury located? A) Right chest B) Right shoulder C) Right lateral chest D) Right side of the abdomen
C
52) As a patient provides you with her past medical history, which condition should you recognize as directly related to the endocrine system? A) Blockage of the gallbladder B) Failure of the kidneys C) Removal of the thyroid D) Enlargement of the appendix
C
57) Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a 73-year-old female patient has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the head? A) Top B) Side C) Back D) Front
C
59) A patient experiencing pain in the thoracic region of his spinal column has pain in his: A) Neck B) Lower back C) Upper back D) Tailbone
C
64) Knowing that muscular dystrophy affects the voluntary muscles, which additional problem should you expect to be a direct effect of the disease? A) Constipation B) Slow heart rate C) Inability to walk D) Vasodilation
C
69) A patient with asthma is short of breath because her small airways are constricted. For this patient, the best medication is one that has which sympathetic (adrenergic) properties? A) Alpha-1 B) Beta-1 C) Beta-2 D) Alpha-2
C
75) A patient with kidney failure has lost his ability to: A) Produce all hormones B) Absorb nutrients C) Filter and excrete wastes D) Digest fatty foods
C
78) A patient with bronchitis is experiencing: A) Fluid in the trachea and bronchioles B) Infection of the alveoli C) Inflammation of the bronchi D) Accumulation of mucus in the trachea
C
83) A tachypneic patient is breathing: A) Slowly B) Deeply C) Rapidly D) Shallowly
C
85) Nephritis indicates which kind of infection? A) Urinary tract B) Bladder C) Kidney D) Digestive
C
88) Accurately communicating patient injury information to other health care professionals is most reliant upon: A) A strong radio signal B) Properly placed cellular towers C) A good knowledge of proper anatomic terminology D) Good handwriting
C
89) Which components of the nervous system must be functional for a patient to be conscious? A) Both cerebral hemispheres B) One cerebral hemisphere and the pineal gland C) One cerebral hemisphere and the reticular activating system D) The RAS and pineal gland
C
93) For the lungs to oxygenate blood, there must be blood flow provided by the right ventricle to the alveoli. This is an example of which principle? A) Anatomy B) Pathophysiology C) Physiology D) Anatomic actions
C
100) Which individual finding in a patient is the most reliable indicator that the patient is breathing inadequately? A) Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min in an elderly patient B) Chest wall motion outward of 1 inch during inhalation in an adult patient C) Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min in a child D) Shallow breathing at a rate of 30 breaths/min in an infant
D
16) The segment of the spinal column that forms the posterior pelvis is the: A) Thoracic spine B) Cervical vertebrae C) Lumbar segment D) Sacral vertebrae
D
20) What is the basic function of the respiratory system? A) Transport oxygen throughout the body B) Provide nutrients to the cells absorbed into the bloodstream C) Release oxygen from the body via hemoglobin sites D) Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment
D
24) What represents the correct sequence for the passage of air into the lungs, when starting from outside the body? A) Nose, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx, air sacs B) Larynx, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, alveoli C) Epiglottis, trachea, cricoid, bronchi, air sacs D) Mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
D
26) When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which phase of the respiratory cycle happens next? A) Inhalation B) Retraction C) Expansion D) Exhalation
D
3) A female patient has suffered a stroke to the right side of her brain and has paralysis to the contralateral portion of the body. Which description of this condition is correct? A) She is paralyzed on the right side of her body B) Her left and right legs are paralyzed C) She cannot move her arms or legs D) She cannot move her left arm and leg
D
31) The left side of a patient's heart is in severe failure, causing blood to back up behind it. Which sign or symptom are you most likely to observe first? A) Swelling in the feet B) Decreased respirations C) Bone pain in the legs D) Crackles in the lungs
D
34) When palpating a pulse on top of the foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow in which vessel? A) Posterior tibial vein B) Femoral vein C) Coronary artery D) Dorsalis pedis artery
D
40) You are assessing a patient who informs you that her body abnormally forms blood clots, even when they are not needed to stop bleeding. Which condition could you expect the patient to have that contributes to the blood clotting? A) Low red blood cell count B) High white blood cell count C) Decreased clotting factors D) Elevated number of platelets
D
41) What is the name of the fluid that carries blood cells and nutrients? A) Platelet fluid B) Hemoglobin C) Total body water D) Plasma
D
43) The nervous system is structurally subdivided into the: A) Brain and vertebral column B) Involuntary and voluntary nervous systems C) Skull and vertebral column D) Central and peripheral nervous systems
D
49) The spinal column is composed of which sections, described in order from most superior to most inferior? A) Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccyx B) Coccyx, lumbar, thoracic, cervical, and sacral C) Thoracic, lumbar, cervical, coccyx, and sacral D) Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx
D
58) A patient with an orbital fracture is most likely to complain of: A) Pain around the ear B) Difficulty swallowing C) Pain when moving his lower jaw D) Pain around the eye
D
62) A patellar fracture affects which part of the body? A) Tibia B) Hip C) Elbow D) Knee
D
66) Which statement regarding the endocrine system is most correct? A) It includes the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and salivary glands B) It is a system of glands that releases hormones via ducts into the bloodstream C) It is a system of glands that regulates consciousness D) It is made up of several glands whose secretions cause specific actions in specific organs
D
70) An abrasion affects which part of the skin? A) Epidermis B) Dermal layer C) Dermal and subcutaneous layers D) Epidermal and dermal layers
D
74) A patient informs you that he must sprinkle artificial digestive enzymes on all his foods before eating them. Based on this information, which endocrine gland should you assume is dysfunctional? A) Thyroid B) Adrenal C) Spleen D) Pancreas
D
79) A patient with a calcaneal fracture has a broken: A) Foot B) Thigh C) Knee D) Heel
D
8) Which statement about the human anatomy is true? A) The hand is proximal to the elbow B) The shoulder is distal to the hand C) The hip is distal to the knee D) The knee is proximal to the ankle
D
82) Which term is most closely related to the elbow? A) Acetabular B) Tibial C) Calcaneal D) Cubital
D
87) What is the term that refers to the structure of the body? A) Physiology B) Metabolism C) Combining forms D) Anatomy
D
95) What is the name of the male reproductive structure that stores sperm? A) Testes B) Vas deferens C) Seminal vesicles D) Epididymis
D