Chapter 7: Hair & Scalp Properties

In the context of side bonds, which of the following is a similarity between hydrogen bonds and salt bonds?

Both result from attracting opposite charges.

"Hair color" and "haircolor" mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably.

False

Genetics always determine wave patterns.

False

Gray hair is coarser and more resistant than pigmented hair.

False

Scalp massage increases hair growth.

False

Shaving makes hair grow back thicker and darker.

False

Straight hair tends to be drier than curly hair.

False

Wave patterns are classified as curly, coily, or wavy, but not straight, which indicates the absence of a wave pattern.

False

Wave patterns typically remain consistent throughout the head.

False

What type of hair does NOT contain a medulla?

Fine hair

__________ measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp.

Hair density

The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as __________.

Hair elasticity

ssified as fine, medium, or coarse. _____ requires higher temperatures during thermal services, _____ may feel limp or flat, and _____ is the standard to which other hair textures are compared and is the most common texture. _____ measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of scalp, while _____, the hair's ability to absorb moisture, is determined by the cuticle layer's condition and the degree to which the "scales" of the cuticle are raised. _____ is the hair's ability to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.

Hair texture, coarse hair, fine hair, medium hair, Hair density, hair porosity, Hair elasticity

Which of the following is a function of the cortex?

It is responsible for the hair's strength, elasticity, and color.

Which of the following statements is true of the telogen phase of the hair growth cycle?

It is the final hair cycle phase.

Which of the following statements is true of medium hair?

It is the standard to which other hair textures are compared.

Which of the following statements best describes hair porosity?

It refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture.

Which of the following is a myth about hair?

Shaving and cutting hair makes it grow back darker and coarser.

Which of the following statements is true of cowlicks?

They are usually more noticeable at the crown

Gray hair is identical to pigmented hair in almost every respect.

True

Shaving does not make hair grow back faster.

True

Wave pattern refers to the amount of movement or shape of the hair strand.

True

Wave patterns can be affected by hormones.

True

Match each definition to the correct term.

a cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair bulb that contains blood vessels => dermal papilla the part of human hair located below the epidermis => hair root the part of human hair projecting above the epidermis => hair shaft the study of hair => trichology

People with dry hair and scalp should __________.

avoid products with high alcohol content

Which of the following is a reason why cosmetologists should have a thorough understanding of the properties of the hair and scalp?

because identifying the differences between common and uncommon hair loss helps them better recommend hair loss treatments to clients

Which of the following hair colors has the highest density?

blonde

The __________ is the innermost layer found in coarse hair and beard hair and is also known as the hair's pith or core.

carbon

The __________ is the fibrous protein layer of the hair.

cortex

What part of the hair contains the pigment responsible for the hair's color?

cortex

What is the hair's outermost layer?

cuticle

Match each hair growth cycle with a feature of that growth cycle.

final hair cycle => telogen phase new hair is produced => anagen phase hair bulb disappears => catagen phase

Which of the following is NOT part of the hair shaft?

hair bulb

The __________ is a tube-like structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin.

hair follicle

A natural part is caused by two _____ flowing in opposite directions, while (a) _____ is/are when hair grows in a circular pattern. When hair grows straight up or at a different angle than other hair, it is called (a) _____. Dry hair and scalp are caused by inactive _____, which also cause oily hair and scalp if they are overactive.

hair streams, whorl, cowlick, sebaceous glands

Match each hair type with the correct definition.

hair that covers a fetus => lanugo hair that helps with the evaporation of perspiration => vellus long, pigmented hair => terminal

Hair with __________ has a raised cuticle and is typically damaged, dry, fragile, and brittle.

high porosity

Identify a true statement about the hair cuticle.

it protects the cortex

____ is/are the process(es) by which living cells die and become hair, which begins when newly formed cells mature and fill up with a fibrous protein called _____. The major elements that make up human hair are known as the _____ elements, and form (the) _____, which link together end to end. A very strong chemical bond joins them, called a(n) _____ bond, also known as an end bond. A long chain called a(n) _____ chain is a series of these bonds, which exist in a spiral configuration called a helix.

keratinization, keratin, COHNS, amino acids, peptide, polypeptide

In the context of the types of body hair, __________ is short, fine hair that covers a fetus and generally sheds within a few weeks of birth.

lanugo hair

Hair with __________ has a very healthy cuticle where the scales lie flat.

low porosity

The __________ is the innermost layer found in coarse hair and beard hair and is also known as the hair's pith or core.

medulla

What is the hair's pith or core called?

medulla

Natural hair color is the result of a pigment called _____, which comes in two types: _____, which consists of brown and black pigment and is the predominant pigment in black and brunette hair, and _____ is the yellow to red pigment in natural blonde and red shades of hair.

melanin, eumelanin, pheomelanin

__________ are attached to the hair follicle and produce an oily substance that lubricates the hair and skin.

sebaceous glands

__________ are bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair.

side bonds

The cortex is made up of millions of polypeptide chains, which are cross-linked like a ladder's rungs by three types of _____, two of which are weak: _____, which are broken by water or heat, and _____, which are broken by changes in pH. A _____ is a strong chemical side bond, which joins the atoms of two neighboring _____ amino acids. These bonds can be broken by hair relaxers, which convert them into _____.

side bonds, hydrogen bonds, salt bonds, disulfide bonds, cysteine, lanthionine bonds

In the context of the types of body hair, __________is long, pigmented hair on the scalp and body.

terminal hair

Which of the following phases of the hair growth cycle refers to the brief transition period between the hair follicle's growth and resting phases?

the catagen phase

Match each term with the correct definition.

tubelike structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root => hair follicle contains living cells that form the hair strand => hair bulb contracts to produce goose bumps => arrector pili muscle lubricant of the hair and skin => sebum produces oil; attached to the hair root => sebaceous glands

Cosmetologists should have a thorough understanding of the properties of the hair and scalp because __________.

understanding how the hair structure is formed, and how hairstyling and chemical services alter hair, will lead to safer, smarter services

Hair with __________ has a very healthy cuticle where the scales lie flat.

vellus hair

The __________ of the hair refers to the amount of movement or shape of the hair strand.

wave pattern