Chapter 7 MC

" "Conventional specialized ________ usually disappear when effective self-managed teams are used by organizations. A) roles B) tasks C) norms D) aspirations E) values

A) roles

" "When team members share identical information about how they should interact and what their task is, they are experiencing ________. A) shared mental models B) shared litmus testing C) shared status D) shared leadership E) shared heritage

A) shared mental models

" "Diverse groups tend to develop more ________ than less diverse groups. A) slowly B) roles C) poorly D) quickly E) loyalty norms

A) slowly

" "A successful self-managed work team would probably not be A) highly cohesive. B) extremely large. C) performing an interesting task. D) high in expertise. E) high in social skills.

B) extremely large.

" "The executive team at Levi Strauss & Co. wears examples of its own informal clothing line in order to A) communicate dress norms B) reduce status barriers C) create group cohesiveness D) lower role ambiguity E) lower role conflict

B) reduce status barriers

" "Employees who straddle the boundary between the organization and its clients or customers are especially likely to encounter what form of role conflict? A) interrole conflict B) person-role conflict C) intrasender role conflict D) intersender role conflict E) all of the above

D) intersender role conflict

" "Which of the following is an example of a process loss? A) loyalty norm B) reduced status C) performance norm D) social loafing E) disjunctive task

D) social loafing

" "A major disadvantage of virtual teams is that they increase A) instances of discrimination. B) stereotyping. C) personality conflicts. D) the formation of cliques. E) miscommunication.

D) the formation of cliques.

" "A group performing a disjunctive task will perform at the level of A) the relative process loss. B) its worst member. C) the member who is most friendly to other members. D) the average performance of all its members. E) its best member.

E) its best member.

" "Temporarily organized groups that are formed to achieve particular goals or solve particular problems are called A) informal groups. B) committees. C) self-managed teams. D) work groups. E) task forces.

E) task forces.

" "Which of the following factors is most influential in achieving formal organizational status? A) Assigned role in the organization B) Loyalty norms C) Ability to perform disjunctive tasks D) Age E) Nationality and religion

A) Assigned role in the organization

" "The task force is large, successful, and experiencing moderate threat. Which factor would most likely prevent the task force from being cohesive? A) Its size B) Its success C) Its homogeneous makeup D) The threat E) Its tough initiation procedures

A) Its size

" "Which factor is least likely to promote group cohesiveness? A) Losing a contest B) Experiencing a tough initiation into the group C) Winning a contest D) Small group size E) Competing in a contest

A) Losing a contest

" "Lisa is a very religious person whose boss tells her to offer an illegal bribe to a government official to obtain a lucrative contract. What kind of role conflict is she experiencing? A) Person-role B) Intrasender C) Role ambiguity D) Interrole E) Intersender

A) Person-role

" "Highly cohesive work groups almost always A) accomplish their own goals effectively. B) produce less than less cohesive groups. C) accomplish the goals of the organization effectively. D) have high levels of turnover. E) produce more than less cohesive groups.

A) accomplish their own goals effectively.

" "In the punctuated equilibrium model of group development, a critical point occurs A) at the midpoint of the group's allotted time until deadline. B) at the middle of Phase 1. C) toward the end of Phase 2. D) when the group enters the storming stage. E) at the midpoint of the volume of work that has to be accomplished.

A) at the midpoint of the group's allotted time until deadline.

" "Work groups that bring people with different functional specialties together to better invent, design, or deliver a product or service are called A) cross-functional teams. B) formal teams. C) self-managed teams. D) task forces. E) virtual teams.

A) cross-functional teams.

" "In the stage model of group development, conflict is a particular problem A) in the stage before norming. B) in the performing stage. C) in the stage after norming. D) in the adjourning stage. E) in the forming stage.

A) in the stage before norming.

" "Darlene is a physician who is employed as the director of research for a large drug company. She often worries that her actions as a manager could possibly violate the physicians' code of professional conduct. This is most clearly an example of ________ conflict. A) interrole B) intersender C) intrasender D) person-role E) role ambiguity

A) interrole

" "Positions in a group that have attached to them a set of expected behaviours are called A) roles. B) status symbols. C) norms. D) conjunctive tasks. E) attributes.

A) roles.

" "As a group performing an additive task gets bigger A) the average productivity per member decreases. B) the performance of the best member becomes more critical to group success. C) potential group productivity decreases. D) group cohesiveness should increase. E) process losses decrease.

A) the average productivity per member decreases.

" "Diverse groups are least likely to perform better when A) the task is routine B) the task involves problem solving C) the task is creativity-demanding D) the task is cognitive E) all of the above

A) the task is routine

" "Which of the following equations is accurate? A) Potential performance = actual performance - process losses B) Actual performance = potential performance - process losses C) Process performance = actual performance - process losses D) Process losses = potential performance + actual performance E) Potential performance = actual performance + process losses

B) Actual performance = potential performance - process losses

" "Selma and Sam have just started new jobs at the same company. After one month, Selma has become known by her coworkers as the new software engineer and Sam has become known as the office gossip. What kind of roles are these? A) Selma's role is emergent and Sam's role is emergent B) Selma's role is designated and Sam's role is emergent C) Selma's role is assigned and Sam's role is designated D) Selma's role is designated and Sam's role is designated E) Selma's role is designated and Sam's role is assigned

B) Selma's role is designated and Sam's role is emergent

" "Which aspect of group structure most closely reflects the way members evaluate each other? A) Size B) Status C) Diversity D) Norms E) Roles

B) Status

" "Who is experiencing interrole conflict? A) Jack is vice-president of sales and marketing. B) The straw boss on the construction job was unsure if he was a worker or a supervisor. C) The head of engineering told Jan to do one thing and the head of design told her to do the opposite. D) Michael's boss told him to relax as he handed him another report to finish by the end of the day. E) The plant manager debated in his mind whether he should open the valve and risk polluting the environment.

B) The straw boss on the construction job was unsure if he was a worker or a supervisor.

" "All of the following are frequent outcomes of role ambiguity except A) dissatisfaction B) absenteeism C) job stress D) intentions to quit E) reduced organizational commitment

B) absenteeism

" "Highly cohesive groups tend to be ________ than less cohesive groups. A) more productive B) more or less productive C) less productive D) more conflict-ridden E) larger

B) more or less productive

" "What elements can lead to role ambiguity? A) organizational factors, individual factors, role senders, B) organizational factors, role senders, focal person C) individual factors, group factors, organizational factors D) organizational factors, individual factors, focal person E) individual factors, role senders, focal person

B) organizational factors, role senders, focal person

" "The relationship between group size and group ________ is particularly complex and highly contingent upon the task being performed. A) member participation B) performance C) member satisfaction D) cohesiveness E) norms

B) performance

" "What did Connie Gersick study to learn about the development of groups? A) a team at Thermos that invented an ecologically friendly electric barbecue grill B) student groups doing class projects C) sales teams at UPS that sell and deliver products and services D) teams at Rubbermaid that invent and design innovative household products E) workers at Federal Express improving billing accuracy and reducing lost packages

B) student groups doing class projects

" "The members of a work group are paid a group bonus according to the productivity of the group. Because of this, each member expects the other to perform at the highest level. This expectation is an example of which aspect of group structure? A) Status B) A role C) A norm D) A disjunctive task E) Cohesiveness

C) A norm

" "Which factor is most important in leading to the success of a self-managed work team? A) Great diversity of members B) Large size C) An interesting task D) Great similarity of members E) Extra pay

C) An interesting task

" "On which task is the presence of only one poor performer most likely to damage group performance? A) Disjunctive B) Reflexive C) Conjunctive D) Complexive E) Additive

C) Conjunctive

" "Which of the following statements about status and communication is true? A) Most people like to communicate with others at their own status or lower. B) Status has very little relation to communication in organizations. C) People can be inhibited from communicating upward if status differences are large. D) Communication has a tendency to move down the status hierarchy. E) Lower-status members do more talking.

C) People can be inhibited from communicating upward if status differences are large.

" "What does Rubbermaid, Thermos, Ford, and Rolls-Royce have in common? A) They have all had bad experiences with teams. B) They have all used self-managed teams. C) They have all used cross-functional teams. D) They have all used virtual teams. E) They have all used task forces.

C) They have all used cross-functional teams.

" "You have been assigned a group project in your organizational behaviour course. You have six weeks to complete it. When will the midpoint transition occur? A) at about five weeks B) at about four weeks C) at about three weeks D) at about two weeks E) at about one week

C) at about three weeks

" "A television news team consists of a reporter, a camera operator, and a sound technician. Their job is to get good news reports to the station in time to make the evening news. A bad story, a bad picture, or bad sound means they have failed. This is a(n) ________ task. A) complexive B) disjunctive C) conjunctive D) reflexive E) additive

C) conjunctive

" "Super ordinate goals are an important factor that contribute to the effectiveness of A) cohesive groups. B) self-managed teams. C) cross-functional teams. D) virtual teams. E) informal groups.

C) cross-functional teams.

" "Tasks that depend on the performance of the best group member's performance are A) injunctive. B) reflexive. C) disjunctive. D) complexive. E) conjunctive.

C) disjunctive.

" "Uncovering shared mental models in many cross-functional teams can often be challenging because of the ________. A) slow moving process of working in a cross-functional team B) avoidance of revealing that each person has an opinion C) divergent backgrounds of the team members D) resistance to cross-functional teams in organizations E) reluctance to agree on what the project is

C) divergent backgrounds of the team members

" "Virtual teams are A) groups that use technology to accomplish their tasks and communicate with other groups in the organization. B) groups of people who have expertise in technology and are always available when needed to complete a task. C) groups that use technology to communicate and collaborate across time, space, and organizational boundaries. D) groups that exist throughout an organization and include customers and suppliers. E) groups of individuals who are always available when the organization needs to form a team.

C) groups that use technology to communicate and collaborate across time, space, and organizational boundaries.

" "Robin is a member of a task force that may do away with her own department. Robin is most obviously experiencing A) intersender role conflict. B) person-role conflict. C) interrole conflict. D) role ambiguity. E) intrasender role conflict.

C) interrole conflict.

" "Connie Gersick's research resulted in which of the following? A) model of group cohesiveness B) typical stages of group development C) punctuated equilibrium model D) model of factors that influence work group effectiveness E) model of the role assumption process

C) punctuated equilibrium model

" "All of the following are common areas of training for self-managed teams except for A) business training B) social skills training C) quality control training D) language skills training E) technical training

C) quality control training

" "Organizations that allocate rewards to those who truly need the rewards have adopted a reward system that is based on a(n) ________ norm. A) loyalty B) equity C) social responsibility D) equality E) reciprocity

C) social responsibility

" "As a group size increases A) the group consistently performs better. B) performance on conjunctive tasks improves. C) the group becomes more socially elaborate. D) members become more satisfied with group membership. E) members become less inhibited about participating in group activities.

C) the group becomes more socially elaborate.

" "Which of the following statements about status is true? A) In most organizations, formal and informal status systems are equivalent. B) Informal status in the organization is more likely than formal status to carry over into the community. C) In organizations, status symbols are more a part of the informal status system than the formal status system. D) All organizations have both formal and informal status systems. E) Most organizations try not to tie status symbols to assigned roles.

D) All organizations have both formal and informal status systems.

" "Which of the following is the most accurate statement about virtual teams? A) Although the were once a dream, it now appears that they will never deliver the benefits that many had hoped for. B) Although they still remain a dream, some companies are now experimenting with them. C) Although they were once a dream, they are now being used by a small and select group of companies. D) Although the were once a dream, they are now spreading and are used by numerous companies. E) Although they still remain a dream, some companies plan to begin using them in the next five to ten years.

D) Although the were once a dream, they are now spreading and are used by numerous companies.

" "Which of the following is an example of process loss? A) No one in the group could remember how to work the video machine. B) After losing the game, the team was much less cohesive. C) After they failed to land the big contract, the status of the sales staff decreased. D) Because the group was so large, communication became a problem. E) The source of the quality problems could have originated in any one of three separate departments.

D) Because the group was so large, communication became a problem.

" "The workforce petitioned management to be paid on an individual piece rate basis. Which reward allocation norm do the workers favour? A) Social responsibility B) Equality C) Loyalty D) Equity E) Reciprocity

D) Equity

" "Identify the proper sequence of group development activities. A) Forming, storming, performing, norming, adjourning. B) Forming, norming, storming, performing, adjourning. C) Norming, forming, storming, performing, adjourning. D) Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning. E) Storming, forming, norming, performing, adjourning.

D) Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.

" "Which of the following is a primary feature of virtual teams? A) Diversity of members. B) Small group size. C) Superordinate goals. D) Lack of face-to-face contact. E) Team member stability.

D) Lack of face-to-face contact.

" "Which of the following statements about norms is true? A) Norms are generally unrelated to attitudes. B) Norms cannot be targeted at a specific individual. C) A person can have his or her own private, personal norm. D) Roles are made up of ""packages"" of norms. E) Norms are not an aspect of group structure.

D) Roles are made up of ""packages"" of norms.

" "Which of the following statements is true? A) Moving a heavy crate is a disjunctive task. B) People with similar attitudes are less likely to form a group than those with different attitudes. C) A group has at least three members. D) The ""class clown"" fills an emergent role in his or her school. E) Equity norms allocate rewards equally to everyone in the group.

D) The ""class clown"" fills an emergent role in his or her school.

" "Social loafing is an example of A) role conflict. B) role ambiguity. C) a disjunctive task D) a process loss. E) punctuated equilibrium.

D) a process loss.

" "The group had trouble coordinating its efforts because it was so big. This is an example of A) a conjunctive task. B) punctuated equilibrium. C) social loafing. D) a process loss. E) role ambiguity.

D) a process loss.

" "The technologies used by virtual teams tend to be A) asynchronous ones. B) synchronous ones. C) chat and groupware. D) either asynchronous or synchronous ones. E) email, faxes, and voice mail.

D) either asynchronous or synchronous ones.

"All of the following are ways to counteract social loafing except A) make individual performance more visible B) increase feelings of indispensability C) make sure that the work is interesting D) establish a superordinate goal E) increase performance feedback

D) establish a superordinate goal

" "One reason for members reporting less satisfaction in larger groups is A) opportunities for participation increase in larger groups. B) they have more time to develop friendships with other group members. C) conflict and dissension are less likely in larger groups. D) individual members can identify less easily with the success of the group. E) people are less inhibited about participating in larger groups.

D) individual members can identify less easily with the success of the group.

" "The boss who constantly changes his mind can cause uncertainty for an employee. To put this another way, A) intersender role conflict can cause interrole conflict. B) role ambiguity can cause intersender role conflict. C) role ambiguity can cause interrole conflict. D) intrasender role conflict can cause role ambiguity. E) person-role conflict can cause role ambiguity.

D) intrasender role conflict can cause role ambiguity.

" "Self-managed work groups typically A) are used only for white-collar work. B) suffer from the free rider effect. C) perform best when assigned to very routine tasks. D) must have stable membership to be effective. E) have highly specialized, carefully defined roles within the group.

D) must have stable membership to be effective.

" "Whistle-blowing is often a signal of what form of role conflict? A) intrasender role conflict B) interrole conflict C) intersender role conflict D) person-role conflict E) none of the above

D) person-role conflict

" "What are the two forms of social loafing? A) the free loader effect and the free rider effect B) the free rider effect and the solo effect C) the free loader effect and the sucker effect D) the free rider effect and the sucker effect E) the free rider effect and the loafer effect

D) the free rider effect and the sucker effect

" "What do 3M, Federal Express, Kodak, and General Mills have in common? A) they downplay status barriers B) they make extensive use of cross-functional teams C) they make extensive use of virtual teams D) they make extensive use of self-managed teams E) they have strong group norms

D) they make extensive use of self-managed teams

" "Research on virtual teams has found that they reduced instances of A) discrimination. B) the formation of cliques. C) personality conflicts. D) stereotyping. E) All of the above.

E) All of the above.

" "Which of the following statements is most indicative of a process loss? A) Carly was clearly the star of the group and they could not have completed the project on time without her participation. B) Zeke worked harder when his colleagues were present than when he was alone. C) Nan experienced role conflict when her boss told her to do something that she felt was unethical. D) Bill forgot how to program FORTRAN computer language because he hadn't used it in ten years. E) As the task force got bigger, it encountered more coordination problems.

E) As the task force got bigger, it encountered more coordination problems.

" "What kind of tasks are most appropriate for self-managed work groups? A) White-collar B) Blue-collar C) Conjunctive D) Routine and boring E) Complex and challenging

E) Complex and challenging

" "Which of the following types of role conflict is most likely to provoke role ambiguity? A) Intersender role conflict B) Status-role conflict C) Interrole conflict D) Person-role conflict E) Intrasender role conflict

E) Intrasender role conflict

" "Which of the following is an additive task for a group? A) Writing a short story. B) Looking for a single error in a complicated computer program. C) Passing water buckets along a human chain. D) Working in a self-managed group. E) Picking grapes at harvest.

E) Picking grapes at harvest.

" "A manager recommends an employee for a promotion because the employee stood up for the manager during a leadership crisis. Which reward allocation norm led the superior to recommend this employee for promotion? A) Equity B) Equality C) Social responsibility D) Performance E) Reciprocity

E) Reciprocity

" "Which of the following statements concerning group cohesiveness is false? A) Groups that are tough to get into should be more attractive than those that are easy to join. B) Voluntary turnover from highly cohesive groups should be low. C) Under extreme threat or loss of a contest, group cohesiveness is likely to suffer. D) A group becomes more attractive to its members when it has successfully accomplished some important goal. E) Smaller groups generally have a more difficult time becoming and staying cohesive.

E) Smaller groups generally have a more difficult time becoming and staying cohesive.

" "During which stage of group development is conflict likely to develop? A) Adjourning B) Forming C) Norming D) Performing E) Storming

E) Storming

" "Which one of the following is not an advantage of virtual teams? A) Reduced travel time. B) Around-the-clock work. C) Larger talent pool. D) Reduced cost. E) Trust.

E) Trust.

" "Higher status group members ________ than lower status members. A) communicate more B) are addressed more frequently C) have more influence D) participate more E) all of the above

E) all of the above

" "Just because a sports team has the most talented players, it does not necessarily mean the team will be the most successful in the league. The team usually needs to have a strong sense of ________ in order to become better than simply the sum of its players. A) self-efficacy B) homogeneity C) fear D) ethnic diversity E) collective efficacy

E) collective efficacy

" "The team members' shared beliefs that their team can successfully perform a given task is known as ________. A) mutual satisfaction B) self-efficacy C) collective self-interest D) mutual-gain E) collective efficacy

E) collective efficacy

" "All relevant specialties should be included when designing A) virtual teams. B) self-managed teams. C) any kind of team. D) task forces. E) cross-functional teams.

E) cross-functional teams.

" "What kinds of roles develop in organizations? A) designated roles and assigned roles B) designated roles and informal roles C) assigned roles and informal roles D) formal roles and informal roles E) designated roles and emergent roles

E) designated roles and emergent roles

" "The textbook cites the example of how job seekers at Britain's Pret A Manger sandwich and coffee shops must work in a shop for a day and then the staff votes on whether the person can join the team This is one strategy that can be used to help ensure the ________ of a new employee. A) heterogeneity B) compensation C) heredity D) homogeneity E) fit

E) fit

" "According to behavioural scientists, A) members of larger groups tend to report higher levels of satisfaction. B) group members must interact face-to-face. C) groups have at least five members. D) informal groups are shown on organizational charts. E) group members have a common goal and interact with each other.

E) group members have a common goal and interact with each other.

" "The first-line supervisor who serves as the interface between ""management"" and ""the workers"" is most likely to experience ________ role conflict when labour relations are poor. A) person-role B) boundary C) intrasender D) status E) intersender

E) intersender

" "Janice thought that her summer job as a municipal garbage collector would be easy. Unfortunately, her supervisor tells her to do one thing one day and the exact opposite the next day. Janice's role ambiguity A) is inherent in the job she performs. B) is a function of person-role conflict. C) is a function of intersender role conflict. D) stems from the social facilitation effect. E) stems from a role sender.

E) stems from a role sender.

" "What is the most important function of norms? A) to prevent interrole conflict B) to prevent social loafing C) to increase group cohesiveness D) to prevent intersender role conflict E) to provide regularity and predictability of behaviour

E) to provide regularity and predictability of behaviour

" "In the punctuated equilibrium model of group development, the midpoint transition occurs A) at the end of Phase 2. B) as the group enters the storming stage. C) when half the group's work is done. D) at the beginning of Phase 1. E) when half the group's time is elapsed.

E) when half the group's time is elapsed.