chapter 7: memory questions, Ch. 6 "Learning" Quiz ?'s PSY100

instrumental conditioning

another word for operant conditioning is ___________

learning styles

Although some educational psychologists have claimed to boost learning by matching different instructional methods to different types of students, the theory of __________ has yet to be proven because of lack of test reliability.

awakened the subjects

Early reports of the success of sleep-assisted learning fail to consider an important rival hypothesis: namely that the recordings might have __________.

__________ allows you to remember auditory stimuli for up to 5 or 10 seconds.

Echoic memory

What is the general progression of memory loss for patients with Alzheimer's disease?

Memory for recent events fades first, with distant memories usually being the last to go.

conditioned taste aversion

Most classically conditioned reactions require repeated pairing of the conditioned stimulus w/ the unconditioned stimulus in order to develop a relationship in the mind of the subject. Which of the following is an example of a situation in which only one pairing is necessary?

increases; decreases

Negative reinforcement ______ the rate of behavior, whereas punishment _______ the rate of behavior.

illusory correlations

One reason preparedness might lead to phobias is that we develop _________ b/t fear provoking stimuli and negative consequences.

conditioned response

Pavlov discovered that if he repeatedly paired a neutral stimulus, such as the sound of a metronome, with a stimulus that provided an automatic response, eventually, the neutral stimulus alone would produce a

spontaneous recovery

When a conditioned response appears to be extinct, it can sometimes come back, but will often be weaker than it was originally. This return of the CR is called ________.

sensitization

Which term refers to a situation in which an organism responds more strongly to a stimulus over time?

Without even noticing that you are doing it, what memory technique do you use to remember larger quantities of information, even though your short-term memory capacity only holds about nine bits of information?

chunking

Unintentional plagiarism has been attributed to __________, which occurs when someone says they forgot having been exposed to the plagiarized material earlier and thought they had created it themselves.

cryptomnesia

The two primary reasons why short-term memories fade are __________ and __________.

decay; interference

There are various techniques available to help people improve their ability to recall material. For example, when you remember something new by connecting it mentally to something you already know, you are using __________.

elaborative rehearsal

More than 300 convicted prisoners to date have been released because DNA evidence showed they were innocent, despite confident testimony from __________.

eyewitnesses

Although it is presented as the most common kind of memory loss in the popular media, with depictions of someone losing all memory of his or her past, __________ is not actually the most common kind of amnesia.

generalized amnesia

A memory that is actually false but "feels real" and can be triggered by, for example, looking at a list of associated words, is called a(n) __________.

memory illusion

When we have encountered a stimulus before, we are able to identify it more quickly and easily. The term for this subtype of implicit memory is __________.

priming

Our memory for how to do things is called __________.

procedural memory

Which of the following is one of the three processes of memory?

retrieval

extinction

which term refers to the classical conditioning phenomenon in which a new CR "writes over" an existing CR?