Chapter 7 PLQs

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A prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a...

crest

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton? a) Hyoid b) Ribs c) Vertebrae d) Carpals e) Sternum

d) Carpals

Which of the following bones is NOT visible from the anterior view of the skull? a) Parietal b) Frontal c) Mandible d) Occipital e) Maxilla

d) Occipital

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? a) Vomer b) Palatine c) Lacrimal d) Occipital e) Mandible

d) Occipital

Which of following facial bones is a single (unpaired) bone in the adult human skull? a) maxilla b) nasal c) lacrimal d) mandible e) zygomatic

d) mandible

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a) Tarsals b) Tibia c) Sphenoid d) Scapula e) Clavicle

e) Clavicle

Which following types of bones comprise the ankles and wrists? a) Long bone b) Sutural bone c) Irregular bone d) Sesamoid bone e) Short bone

e) Short bone

Which of the following cranial bones are paired bones in the human skull? a) temporal b) parietal c) sphenoid d) ethmoid e) more than one selection is correct

e) more than one selection is correct (a) temporal & b) parietal)

These fontanels begin closing within the first month or two after birth but do not completely close until close to one year after birth. a) A, B b) B, C c) C, D d) D, A e) All of these answer choices are correct.

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel

This fontanel usually closes about two months after birth. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) None of these answer choices are correct.

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel

This fontanel usually closes within 18 to 24 months after birth. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) Both A and C

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel

This is largest fontanel in size at birth. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) Both A and D

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel

Name the structure labeled A in the diagram. a) posterolateral fontanel b) posterior fontanel c) anterior fontanel d) anterolateral fontanel e) occipital bone

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel E- Occipital bone

Name the structure labeled B in the diagram. a) posterolateral fontanel b) posterior fontanel c) anterior fontanel d) anterolateral fontanel e) occipital bone

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel E- Occipital bone

Name the structure labeled C in the diagram. a) posterolateral fontanel or asterion b) posterior fontanel or small soft spot c) anterior fontanel or large soft spot d) anterolateral fontanel or pterion e) occipital bone

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel E- Occipital bone

Name the structure labeled D in the diagram. a) posterolateral fontanel or asterion b) posterior fontanel or small soft spot c) anterior fontanel or large soft spot d) anterolateral fontanel or pterion e) frontal bone

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel E- Occipital bone

This fontanel usually begins to close 1-2 months after birth, but closure is generally not complete until 12 months. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- Anterior fontanel B- Posterior fontanel C- Posterolateral fontanel D- Anterolateral fontanel E- Occipital bone

Which of the cervical vertebrae are responsible for permitting the movement of the head seen when saying "yes" ? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- C1 (atlas) B- C2 (axis) C- C5 D- C6 E- C7 (vertebra prominens)

Which of the cervical vertebrae contain a unique process that is responsible for the ability to move your head from side to side signifying "no" ? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- C1 (atlas) B- C2 (axis) C- C5 D- C6 E- C7 (vertebra prominens)

Where is the coronoid process in the diagram? a) A b) B c) E d) F e) None of these answer choices are correct.

A- Condylar process B- Mandibular notch C- Mental foramen D- Alveolar process E- Mandibular foramen F- Coronoid process

Where is the mandibular notch in the diagram? a) A b) B c) E d) F e) None of these answer choices are correct.

A- Condylar process B- Mandibular notch C- Mental foramen D- Alveolar process E- Mandibular foramen F- Coronoid process

Where is the mental foramen in the diagram? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) None of these answer choices are correct.

A- Condylar process B- Mandibular notch C- Mental foramen D- Alveolar process E- Mandibular foramen F- Coronoid process

In the diagram, where is the crista galli? a) C b) A c) E d) F e) G

A- Crista galli B- Perpendicular plate C- Lateral mass D- Inferior nasal concha F- Vomer

In the diagram, where is the perpendicular plate? a) A b) B c) C d) F e) D

A- Crista galli B- Perpendicular plate C- Lateral mass D- Inferior nasal concha F- Vomer

In the diagram, where is the vomer bone? a) A b) B c) F d) D e) E

A- Crista galli B- Perpendicular plate C- Lateral mass D- Inferior nasal concha F- Vomer

In the diagram, where is the foramen magnum? a) C b) D c) G d) H e) I

A- External occipital protuberance B- Mastoid process C- Styloid process D- Occipital condyle E- Superior nuchal line F- Inferior nuchal line G- Foramen magnum H- Horizontal plate of palatine bone I- Palatine process of maxilla

In the diagram, where is the inferior nuchal line?

In the diagram, where is the mastoid process? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) G

In the diagram, where is the superior nuchal line? a) A b) E c) F d) H e) I

In the diagram, where is the cribriform plate? a) D b) E c) F d) G e) H

A- Foramen rotundum B- Foramen ovale C- Foramen spinosum D- Crista galli E- Olfactory foramina F- Cribriform plate

In the diagram, which bone is the short bone? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

a) A Long bone b) B Short bone c) C flat bone d) D Irregular bone e) E Sesamoid bone

Bones in the following area protect the brain. a) Cranium b) Vertebral column c) Sacrum d) Face e) Ribcage

a) Cranium

Which of the following types of bone is the femur? a) Long bone b) Short bone c) Flat bone d) Irregular bone e) Sesamoid bone

a) Long bone

In the diagram, where is the foramen rotundum? a) A b) B c) C d) E e) F

A- Foramen rotundum B- Foramen ovale C- Foramen spinosum D- Crista galli E- Olfactory foramina F- Cribriform plate

In the diagram, where is the foramen spinosum? a) A b) B c) C d) G e) H

A- Foramen rotundum B- Foramen ovale C- Foramen spinosum D- Crista galli E- Olfactory foramina F- Cribriform plate

In the diagram, where is the olfactory foramina? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

A- Foramen rotundum B- Foramen ovale C- Foramen spinosum D- Crista galli E- Olfactory foramina F- Cribriform plate

In the diagram, where is the ethmoid bone? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- Frontal bone B- Parietal bone C- Sphenoid bone D- Ethmoid bone E- Lacrimal bone F- Vomer G- Nasal bone H- Zygomatic bone I - Maxilla J- Mandible

In the diagram, where is the lacrimal bone? a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I

A- Frontal bone B- Parietal bone C- Sphenoid bone D- Ethmoid bone E- Lacrimal bone F- Vomer G- Nasal bone H- Zygomatic bone I - Maxilla J- Mandible

In the diagram, where is the temporal bone? a) A b) B c) C d) G e) None of the selections are correct

A- Frontal bone B- Parietal bone C- Sphenoid bone D- Ethmoid bone E- Lacrimal bone F- Vomer G- Nasal bone H- Zygomatic bone I - Maxilla J- Mandible

In the diagram, where is the vomer?a) D b) E c) F d) I e) J

A- Frontal bone B- Parietal bone C- Sphenoid bone D- Ethmoid bone E- Lacrimal bone F- Vomer G- Nasal bone H- Zygomatic bone I - Maxilla J- Mandible

In the diagram, where is the zygomatic bone? a) G b) H c) I d) J e) None of these answer choices are correct.

A- Frontal bone B- Parietal bone C- Sphenoid bone D- Ethmoid bone E- Lacrimal bone F- Vomer G- Nasal bone H- Zygomatic bone I - Maxilla J- Mandible

In the diagram, which bone articulates with every other bone of the face except the mandible? a) F b) G c) H d) I e) J

A- Frontal bone B- Parietal bone C- Sphenoid bone D- Ethmoid bone E- Lacrimal bone F- Vomer G- Nasal bone H- Zygomatic bone I - Maxilla J- Mandible

In the diagram, which bone forms the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) G

A- Frontal bone B- Parietal bone C- Sphenoid bone D- Ethmoid bone E- Lacrimal bone F- Vomer G- Nasal bone H- Zygomatic bone I - Maxilla J- Mandible

In the diagram, where is the nasal bone? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- Internal auditory meatus B- Hypoglossal canal C- Pterygold processes D- Nasal bone E- Palatine bone

In the diagram, where is the palatine bone? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- Internal auditory meatus B- Hypoglossal canal C- Pterygold processes D- Nasal bone E- Palatine bone

In the diagram, where is the pterygoid process? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- Internal auditory meatus B- Hypoglossal canal C- Pterygold processes D- Nasal bone E- Palatine bone

In the diagram, where is the ethmoid bone? a) J b) K c) G d) H e) I

A- Parietal bone B- Temporal bone C- Occipital bone D- Frontal bone E- Sphenoid bone F- Zygomatic bone G- Ethmoid bone H- Lacrimal bone I- Nasal bone J- Mastoid process K- Styloid Process

In the diagram, where is the mastoid process? a) J b) K c) G d) H e) I

A- Parietal bone B- Temporal bone C- Occipital bone D- Frontal bone E- Sphenoid bone F- Zygomatic bone G- Ethmoid bone H- Lacrimal bone I- Nasal bone J- Mastoid process K- Styloid Process

In the diagram, where is the styloid process? a) J b) K c) G d) H e) I

A- Parietal bone B- Temporal bone C- Occipital bone D- Frontal bone E- Sphenoid bone F- Zygomatic bone G- Ethmoid bone H- Lacrimal bone I- Nasal bone J- Mastoid process K- Styloid Process

In the diagram, which bone includes the foramen magnum? a) B b) C c) D d) F e) G

A- Parietal bone B- Temporal bone C- Occipital bone D- Frontal bone E- Sphenoid bone F- Zygomatic bone G- Ethmoid bone H- Lacrimal bone I- Nasal bone J- Mastoid process K- Styloid Process

In the diagram, which bone is considered the keystone of the cranial floor? a) E b) B c) G d) H e) I

A- Parietal bone B- Temporal bone C- Occipital bone D- Frontal bone E- Sphenoid bone F- Zygomatic bone G- Ethmoid bone H- Lacrimal bone I- Nasal bone J- Mastoid process K- Styloid Process

Where is the facet for articular part of the tubercle of the rib? a) B b) C c) D d) H e) I

A- Superior articular facet B- Transverse process C- Facet for articular part of tubercle of rib D- Inferior vertebral notch E- Spinous process F- Superior vertebral notch G- Superior facet H- Vertebral body I- Pedicle K- Inferior demifacet

Where is the pedicle? a) B b) H c) I d) K e) D

Where is the superior facet? a) A b) B c) F d) G e) E

Where is the superior vertebral notch? a) A b) B c) F d) G e) K

Where is the vertebral body? a) C b) D c) H d) I e) J

Which bone in the diagram articulates superiorly with the apex of the sacrum? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- Superior articular process B- Coccyx C- Apex of sacrum D- Anterior sacral foramen E- Anterior sacral promontory F- Sacral ala

Which structure in the diagram allows for passage of nerves and blood vessels? a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F

A- Superior articular process B- Coccyx C- Apex of sacrum D- Anterior sacral foramen E- Anterior sacral promontory F- Sacral ala

Which structure in the diagram is the apex of the sacrum? a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F

A- Superior articular process B- Coccyx C- Apex of sacrum D- Anterior sacral foramen E- Anterior sacral promontory F- Sacral ala

Which structure in the diagram is the sacral ala? a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F

A- Superior articular process B- Coccyx C- Apex of sacrum D- Anterior sacral foramen E- Anterior sacral promontory F- Sacral ala

Which structure in the diagram is the superior articular process? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A- Superior articular process B- Coccyx C- Apex of sacrum D- Anterior sacral foramen E- Anterior sacral promontory F- Sacral ala

In the diagram, which part is often broken during CPR due to incorrect positioning of hands? a) A b) B c) D d) D e) E

A- Suprasternal notch B- Xiphoid process C- Clavicular notch D- Sternal angle E- Costal cartilage F- Intercostal space

Where is the clavicular notch? a) A b) C c) D d) B e) F

A- Suprasternal notch B- Xiphoid process C- Clavicular notch D- Sternal angle E- Costal cartilage F- Intercostal space

Where is the sternal angle? a) A b) C c) D d) E e) F

A- Suprasternal notch B- Xiphoid process C- Clavicular notch D- Sternal angle E- Costal cartilage F- Intercostal space

In the diagram, where is lamina of the vertebral arch? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) F

A- Transverse process B- Lamina C- Pedicle D- Spinous process E- Facet of superior articular process F- Inferior articular process

Where is the inferior articular process in the diagram? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) None of these answer choices are correct.

A- Transverse process B- Lamina C- Pedicle D- Spinous process E- Facet of superior articular process F- Inferior articular process

Where is the spinous process in the diagram? a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F

A- Transverse process B- Lamina C- Pedicle D- Spinous process E- Facet of superior articular process F- Inferior articular process

In the diagram, where is the foramen ovale? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

A- Vomer B- Sphemoid bone C- Foramen ovale D- Mandibular fossa E- Stylomastoid foramen F- Foramen magnum G- External occipital protuberan

In the diagram, where is the crista galli? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) None of these answer choices are correct.

A- Vomer B- Sphemoid bone C- Foramen ovale D- Mandibular fossa E- Stylomastoid foramen F- Foramen magnum G- External occipital protuberance

In the diagram, where is the mandibular fossa? a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F

A- Vomer B- Sphemoid bone C- Foramen ovale D- Mandibular fossa E- Stylomastoid foramen F- Foramen magnum G- External occipital protuberance

What is inflammation of one or more costal cartilage called?

Costochondritis

This cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve.

Ethmoid

Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly?

Females

Which condition is the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus posteriorly or into one of the adjacent vertebral bodies in the vertebral column?

Herniated disc

Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid

Which condition is characterized by an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral column?

Kyphosis

Which of the following bones contains a sac that collects tears and passes them into the nasal cavity? a) Maxilla b) Sphenoid c) Nasal d) Ethmoid e) Lacrimal

Lacrimal

Which condition is characterized by an increase or exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column?

Lordosis

This facial bone articulates with teeth.

Maxillae

These projections found on both sides of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.

Occipital condyles

What bone marking found on the second cervical vertebra projects superiorly into the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas?

Odontoid process

The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called...

Orthopedics

Briefly describe the bones that make up the orbit of the eye. Include a description of the portion of the orbit formed by each bone.

Parts of the frontal and sphenoid bones comprise the roof of the orbit. Parts of the zygomatic and sphenoid bones form the lateral wall of the orbit. Parts of the maxilla, zygomatic and palatine bones make up the floor of the orbit. Parts of the maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones form the medial wall of the orbit.

Which condition is characterized by a lateral bending of the vertebral column in the thoracic region?

Scoliosis

Sella turcica is a bony depression found in this cranial bone.

Sphenoid

The pituitary gland is contained in a depression found in this cranial bone.

Sphenoid

Which cranial bone is called the "keystone" of the cranial floor because it articulates with every other cranial bone?

Sphenoid

Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?

Strangulation

These cranial bones contain the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible.

Temporal

These cranial bones form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor.

Temporal

The union of these two bones forms the zygomatic arch.

Temporal and zygomatic

Briefly discuss the main structural features of the temporal bones.

Temporal bones form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor. Each temporal bone articulates with sphenoid, parietal, occipital and zygomatic bone via zygomatic arch. They articulate with the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Two major processes on the temporal are called the mastoid process and styloid process, which both act as sites of muscle attachment. The temporal bone houses the external auditory meatus (the ear canal). The petrous portion of the temporal bone houses the internal ear and the middle ear. It also contains the carotid and jugular foramen.

Briefly describe the location of the four most prominent sutures of the skull including the articulating bones.

The coronal suture unites the frontal bone and both parietal bones. The sagittal suture unites the two parietal bones on the superior midline of the skull. The lambdoid suture unites the two parietal bones to the occipital bone. The squamous sutures unite the parietal and temporal bones on the lateral aspects of the skull.

Briefly describe the function of the fontanels.

The fontanels are important in allowing flexibility during childbirth and allow brain growth after birth.

Briefly describe the five categories of bones found in the human body based on the shape of the bones.

The human body contains five types of bones based on shape. Long bones have greater length than width and consist of a shaft and a variable number of extremities. Short bones are somewhat cube-shaped because they are nearly equal in length and width. Flat bones are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bones tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue. Irregular bones have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories. Sesamoid bones develop in certain tendons where there is considerable friction, tension and physical stress and are shaped similarly to a sesame seed.

Briefly describe the function of the paranasal sinuses.

The sinuses lighten the skull and contain a mucous membrane lining that helps moisten and clean inspired air. The sinus also aid in enhancing the quality of the voice by acting as resonating chambers.

Briefly describe the six fontanels of the infant skull including their location, shape and time of closure.

The unpaired anterior fontanel is located at the midline between the two parietal bones and the frontal bone. It is roughly diamond shaped and is the largest fontanel. It usually closes 18-24 months after birth. The unpaired posterior fontanel is located at the midline between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone. It is smaller than the anterior fontanel and closes about 2 months after birth. The paired anterolateral fontanels are located laterally between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones and are smaller in shape. They close about 3 months after birth. The paired posterolateral fontanels are located laterally between the parietal, occipital and temporal bones and are irregularly shaped. They begin to close 1 to 2 months after birth, but closure is not complete until 12 months.

List and describe the number of bones found in all the regions of the adult vertebral column.

There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck region. There are twelve thoracic vertebrae posterior to the thoracic cavity. The five lumbar vertebrae support the lower back. There is one sacrum consisting of five fused sacral vertebrae. There is one coccyx (tail bone) consisting of four fused coccygeal vertebrae.

An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a...

foramen

The tube-like passageway found in the temporal bone that allows sound waves to reach the eardrum is an example of which of the following bone surface markings?

fossa

A rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion (neck) of a bone is called a...

head

The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum forms the...

mandibular joint

The inferior articular processes of the fifth sacral vertebrae that are found on either side of the sacral hiatus are called...

sacral cornua

The hyoid bone is suspended by ligaments and muscle that extend from the _______ of the temporal bone.

styloid process

The tubercle found on the neck of a rib articulates with a facet found on the...

transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

Ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum are called...

true ribs

The mastoid process... a) is a rounded projection of the parietal bones. b) is the point of attachment for several neck muscles. c) is anterior to the external auditory meatus. d) is both is a rounded projection of the parietal bones and the point of attachment for several neck muscles. e) All of these answer choices are correct.

b) is the point of attachment for several neck muscles.

What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus region of intervertebral discs?

To help absorb vertical shock to the spinal column

What are the three correct components of the nasal septum?

Vomer, septal cartilage, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid

In the diagram, which bone is the flat bone? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

a) A Long bone b) B Short bone c) C flat bone d) D Irregular bone e) E Sesamoid bone

Which of the following structures passes through the opening labeled 1 in the diagram? a) cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) b) internal jugular vein c) branch of ascending pharyngeal artery d) mandibular branch of cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) e) maxillary branch of cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)