Chapter 7: Protective Gear and Sports Equipment

National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

NOCSAE

false

True or False: old, worn out poorly fitted equipment can be passed down to younger, less experienced players

350-550

after how many miles do running shoes break down

plantar fasciitis, heel spur, achilles tendinitis, heel bursitis

conditions heel cups can be used for

orthotic

device for correcting biomechanical problems that exist in the foot that can potentially cause an injury

1/2 inch - 3/4 inch

distance of toe box

custom equipment

equipment that is constructed according to the individual characterisitics of the athlete

off-the-shelf equipment

equipment that is premade and package by the manufacturer and when taken out of the package may be used immediately without modification

plastazote, aliplast

examples of heat plastic thermomoldable plastics

orthoplast,x-lite

examples of heat-forming thermomoldable plastics

thermomoldable plastics, casting materials

examples of nonyielding materials

neoprene sleeves, sorbethane shoe inserts, protective ankle braces

examples of off the shelf equipment

gauze padding, cotton, adhesive felt, felt, foams

examples of soft materials

helmet should fit snugly around all parts of player's head; no gaps between pads & head/face; cover base of skull; pads placed at back of neck should be snug, but not uncomfortable; helmet should not come down over eyes (front edge ¾ inch/2 finger-widths above eyebrows); ear holes should match; should not shift when manual pressure is applied; should not recoil on impact; chin strap should be an equal distance from the center of the helmet; straps must keep helmet from moving up and down or side to side; cheek pads should fit snugly against face; face mask should be attached securely to helmet; positioned 3 finger-widths from nose

fitting a football helmet standards

last

form on which the shoe is built

tibial tubercle to the maleoli

from what structures should shin guards extend to

helps to compress fat pad under the heel, providing more heel cushioning

how do heel cups help decrease pain

insert credit card between head and liner and it should be resisted firmly when moved back and forth

how to check for snugness of a football helmet

an inch wide

how wide should shoulder straps be on sports bras

person who modified it

if an injury occurs and a piece of protective equipment is modified in any way be an athlete, a coach, or a athletic trainer, who is the liability against?

manufacturer

if an injury occurs as a result of an individual using a piece of equipment that is determined to be defective or inadequate for its intended purpose, who is held liable?

neoprene sleeves

knee brace that provides some support for patellofemoral conditions

rehabilitative knee braces

knee brace used following surgery to allow for controlled progressive immobilization (hinges to adjust ROM)

protective knee braces

knee brace used prophylactically to prevent injuries (to mcl)

neoprene braces with medial and lateral supports

knee brace worn by those who have sustained injury to the collateral ligaments and feel that they need extra support medially and laterally

functional knee braces

knee brace worn during and following rehab period to provide support during functional activities

NOCSAE (National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment)

organization that develops standards for reconditioning football helmets

NOCSAE

organization that has established voluntary test standards to reduce head injuries by establishing minimum safety requirements for football helmets/face masks, baseball/softball batting helmets, baseballs/softballs, and lacrosse helmets/face masks

shank

part of the sole between the heel and the metatarsal head, usually reinforced with material of sufficient density to support the weight of the wearer

heel counter

portion of the shoe that prevents the foot from rolling from side to side at heel strike

Lightweight Revolution helmet (Riddell)

protective shell is computer designed and extends to jaw area to provide protection to the side of head and jaw as well as improve front-to-back fit and stability; padding inflates to adjust to player's head shape; face guard system is designed to isolate attachment points from the shell (reducing jarring injury)

jaw pads

structure of helmet essential in preventing the helmet from rocking laterally

false; required for all males but not females

true or false: lacrosse helmets are required for both male and female players

cantilevered (a strap that extends from the front to the back of the shoulder pads that causes the shoulder pads to arch above the tip of the shoulder, thus dispersing pressure onto the pads rather than the shoulder) and noncantilevered (don't restrict as much motion)

two types of shoulder pads

thermomoldable plastic

type of nonyieldmaterial that is a customized orthotic that can brace, splint, and shield a body part

dynamic splints

type of protective equipment that is used for injuries of the hands and fingers and provides long-duration tension on a healing structure (usually a tendon); uses a combination of thermoplastic material, Velcro, and pieces of rubber band or elastics to provide assistance

heat plastic

type of thermomoldable plastic that is commonly used as shoe orthotic inserts or other body padding

heat-forming

type of thermomoldable plastic that is of the low temperature variety and can be accurately molded to a body part

rotational traction

type of traction that allows for side-to-side movement and directional movement

translational traction

type of traction that allows for straight line movement

they are not too short and crowd the toes or they are not too long and wrinkle/cause skin irritation

what are two main concerns in the fit of socks

protect the anterior tibia

what do shin guards protect

stretching of cooper's ligaments

what do sports bras help prevent

providing great protection without creating something that can be used as a weapon against opponents

what is a common concern with protective equipment

routinely check pressure in helmet

what is one consideration for air bladder helmets when traveling to different altitudes and air pressures

polycarbonate lens

what is the best lens for athletes to use?

mouth guard is retained on upper jaw and projects back to the last molar

what is the best way to fit a mouth guard

provide shock absorption and be durable

what is the main purpose of the sole of the shoe

no less than 2 bars; 3 inch space should exist between the top of the face guard and the lower edge of the helmet

what is the minimum requirement for face guards with football helmets

protective eye guard

what is the only protective equipment required for female lacrosse players

dental injuries, minimize lacerations to the lips/cheeks, reduce mandible fractures

what kind of injuries can a properly fitted mouth guards prevent

Canadian Standards Association (CSA) or Hockey Equipment Certification Council (HECC)

what organization approves ice hockey helmets

chin straps

what structure of the helmet is important in maintaining proper head and helmet relationship

multiple long cleats or nodules on the outside of the shoe

what type of cleated shoes have better rotational traction

cleats on the forefoot

what type of cleated shoes have better translational traction

combination fabrics versus just cotton

what type of fabric should athletes wear in socks

flared

what type of heel would be beneficial for running shoes but not court or aerobic shoes

curved last

what type of last shoe has a larger curve on the medial side of the shoe and has a wider outside portion of the shoe to provide more forefoot stability and is built for people with an abnormally high arch or supinators

semicurved last

what type of last shoe has a small curve on the medial side of the foot to fit a normal arch

straight-lasted shoe

what type of last shoe is filled in on the inside/medial side of the shoe to increase stability for people who have a flat arch or pronators

translational

what type of traction is associated with a lower incidence of lower extremity injuries

bend should be at the widest part of shoe (ball of the feet)

where will a properly fitted shoe bend

minimizes chance of reduce dental injuries and it can dislodge into the airways

why should you not cut mouth guards to only cover the front teeth