Chapter 7: Proteins
A high protein/low-carbohydrate diet can result in:
- weight loss - decreased hunger
What is a healthy adults RDA for protein??
0.8 g/kg of body weight
True False: The crescent shape of a blood cell increases a blood cell's ability to carry oxygen
False
True or False: Lotions, shampoos, and conditioners will provide the hair with nourishment that will make the hair stronger.
False
True or False: Protein synthesis is the process of altering the three-dimensional structure of a protein.
False
___________ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.
Pepsin
True or False: the majority of amino acids are recycled and used to make new proteins.
True
Protein supplements __________ recommended for healthy adults.
are not
A high protein diet can increase ___________ loss in urine.
calcium
When many amino acids are bonded together it is called a polypeptide. What is formed when two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process?
dipeptide bond
During periods of growth, recovery form a serious illness, and pregnancy, the Estimated Average Required (EAR) for protein will???
increase
The most severe form of PEM is starvation or __________.
marasmus
Protein synthesis begins when a gene's coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied forming:
messenger RNA
A ____________ diet is best for getting high-quality protein because of the wide variety of foods available to contribute the nine essential amino acids.
mixed
Some nutrition experts suspect that diets that supply a lot of animal protein are associated with _________, due to the increased calcium losses seen with these diets.
osteoporosis
A(n) ___________ bond is a chemical bond formed between single amino acids in a protein.
peptide
A(n) ___________ protein balance when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses.
positive
Diets that contain low-quality ____________ can result in poor growth, slow recovery from illness, and even death.
protein
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures food proteins, making them easier to ________
digest
A chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together is called:
peptide bond
Amino acids are the end product of ___________ digestion.
protein
A high intake of meat is typically:
more expensive
Which of the following is true about the denaturation of protein?
- Denaturation alters the proteins shape and function - Hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures protein making them easier to digest. - Wine denature protein in meat making the meat more tender
What happens when excess protein is consumed??
- It is metabolized for energy needs. - It is turned into glucose or fat.
Forms of PEM include:
- Marasmus - Kwashiorkor
Which of the following is true about transamination?
- Reactions are reversible - Explains how non-essential amino acids can be made - Involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance to make an amino acid.
Which of the following are good examples of complementary protein dishes?
- Red beans and rice - Hummus on whole-grain pita bread - Peanut butter on whole-grain crackers, sprinkled with wheat germ
Which of the following are examples of popular soybean foods?
- Soy milk - Tofu - Soy nuts
What are examples of foods high in protein?
- Soybean products - Tofu
What are foods a vegan will eat?
- Vegetable oil - Watermelon - Tofu
To make proteins, how many amino acids are available to make specific sequences expressed by the DNA?
20
Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?
Absorptive cells
Which of the following account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day?
Urinary elimination of urea
Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ______________ code.
DNA
Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?
Essential Amino Acid
True or False: DNA does not play a vital role in protein synthesis.
False
Which of the following is true about protein deficiency in the United States?
It is uncommon
Deamination occurs primarily in the:
Liver
Which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed?
Negative Protein Balance
Which of the following occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?
Nitrogen equilibrium
A(n) _____________ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.
Nonessential
Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
Nonessential
A protein is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used for energy or stored as fat when we consume:
Too much protein
True or False: Little is known about the long-term safety of amino supplements.
True
How much dietary protein escapes digestion and then eliminated in feces?
Very little
The amino acid pool is an _____ source of nitrogen.
endogenous
___________ - protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration.
high
Low income people and alcoholics are at high risk for???
protein deficiency
Amino Acids are the building blocks of ___________.
proteins
Lower food costs and an increased health benefit would be an advantage of????
replacing animal protein with pant foods.
Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA travels to the _______ where the mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein.
ribosomes
The ________________ of a protein is characteristic of its function.
shape
Messenger RNA . . . .
transfers the information concerning the amino acid sequence from the nucleus to ribosomes.
Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your:
DNA
The process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called:
Deamination
What is not a good source of protein?
Fruit
The form of PEM that occurs when a previously breastfed toddler is suddenly weaned to a diet sufficient in energy but insufficient in protein called __________.
Kwashiorkor
A(n) ___________ protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supple of individual essential amino acids.
complementary
A specific tRNA molecule ________.
conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome.
When a protein is exposed to various conditions that cause it to alter its shape, the protein has undergone???
denaturation
After completion of final digestion of protein in the absorptive cells, the amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the:
liver
Which organ secretes trypsin and chymotrypsin to further break down polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids?
Pancreas
A _____________ bond is an attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.
peptide
Research shows that a high-protein diet may _________ calcium loss in urine.
increase
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects people whose diets lack:
- protein - energy
