Chapter 7 Psych

People are termed gifted in terms of intelligence if their IQ is above ________.

130

Dolphins, according to TV and movies, are very intelligent and have strong language abilities. They might even be able to talk! However, which statement is true from the research?

Dolphins have not been shown to have the ability to master human syntax.

At the current time, which statement is true about our knowledge of whether animals can use humanlike language?

It is still unclear whether animals can show humanlike language at any level of development.

Which of the following statements about gifted people is true?

They are often skilled leaders.

Seventy percent of the students in a classroom are women and 30 percent are men. One student is described as ambitious, athletic, and assertive. Why are most people likely to think this description refers to a male student?

They are using the representativeness heuristic.

Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of culture-fair tests?

They should minimize or eliminate the use of language.

Kosslyn asked subjects if frogs have lips and a stubby tail. What did the subjects report?

They visualized a frog, starting with the face ("no lips") and mentally rotated the image to look for the stubby tail.

Which developmental psychologist theorized that concepts preceded and aided the development of language?

Vygotsky

The term Terman's Termites refers to ________.

a sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood

The ability to solve problems by combining behaviors and ideas in new ways is called ________.

creativity

What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?

divergent

Which of the following is NOT one of the three areas of intelligence described by Sternberg?

exponential

Language is based on sound units called morphemes.

false

Terman's study of gifted children over a long period of their lives clearly demonstrated that the gifted were lacking in social skills, had poor health, and were generally unhappy.

false

When people are asked to relate how many windows they have in the place where they live, the amount of time to answer doesn't depend on the number of windows.

false

The divergent thinking technique of writing down everything that comes to mind about a topic without revising or proofreading until all of the information is recorded, and then organizing it later, is known as ________.

freewriting

A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, he reaches into his pocket for a dime he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor. What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?

functional fixedness

Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?

identical twins reared together

When adults who are speaking to infants change the pitch and rhythm in their speech, they are altering their ________.

intonation

A system for combining symbols so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made is called ________.

language

The semantics of the sentence "He ran" refer to its ________.

meaning

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called ________.

mental set

Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit (even though it technically is a fruit)?

olive

The words "care" and "bear" differ in one ________.

phoneme

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. Although you are doing a good job recognizing the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language. Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?

phonemes

According to Robert Sternberg, ________ is best described as "street smarts," or the ability to use information to get along in life. People who have it know how to be tactful, how to manipulate situations to their advantage, and how to use inside information to increase their odds of success.

practical

An IQ test is developed that supposedly measures people's intelligence. It is given to a large and random sample of college students. It is found that the test correlates in a highly positive manner with the students' GPAs. The test designer may be justified in claiming that the test is valid.

true

When a problem is seen as having only one answer, with all lines of thinking leading to that answer, this is known as divergent thinking.

true

The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by ________.

Terman

Let's say we could teach a dolphin to understand the difference between the sentences "The parrot kissed the dolphin" and "The dolphin kissed the parrot." If this were demonstrated, it might mean the dolphin had an understanding of ________.

syntax

The system of rules that governs how we combine words to form grammatical sentences is called ________.

syntax

PET scans have demonstrated that when you are creating a visual image, ________.

the areas associated with stored knowledge send information to the visual cortex