Chapter 7 Quiz

Why is classical conditioning adaptive? (select ALL that apply)

Classical conditioning helps humans and animals survive and reproduce, It helps humans and animals prepare for future events, good or bad.

John Watson conducted his research with "Little Albert" to understand how fears _____________ .

are produced through classical conditioning

In order for punishment to be effective, it must be (check ALL that apply):

immediate, guaranteed if undesirable behavior occurs

When a behavior is followed by negative reinforcement, that behavior is most likely to ________________ in the future.

increase

New and relatively enduring information or behaviors acquired through experience is called:

learning

Some scientists believe that _______________ are the neural basis for acquiring social behaviors and understanding the minds of others.

mirror neurons

The most powerful way to increase prosocial behaviors is through ______________ .

modeling

Imitating behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of:

observational learning

Animals can only learn when positive reinforcements are adminstered.

false

Through classical conditioning we learn to associate:

A CS with a US

Deanna gave her child a piece of his favorite candy for being very brave at the doctor's office. The piece of candy would best be considered a primary reinforcer. On the other hand, Kerrie gave her child a token for listening to instructions at the grocery store. Once her child receive five tokens for listening, he can turn them in for a larger prize. The token would be considered a secondary reinforcer.

Answer 1: Primary, Answer 2: Secondary

The law of effect was elaborated on by:

Skinner's experiments on reinforcement.

An operant chamber, or Skinner box, is best described as:

chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward.

Individuals recovering from addiction often feel a drug craving when they find themselves in locations (e.g., a friends' house) they associate with previous highs. The craving they feel in these locations would be the _____________________ .

conditioned response

Sally had to stay in the hospital for several days following a painful procedure. While there, Sally had to wash her hands with hospital soap that smelled like industrial cleaner. Now, whenever Sally smells industrial cleaner, she winces in pain. In this situation, the smell of industrial cleaner would be the ___________ .

conditioned stimulus

Distinguishing between a specific conditioned stimulus, and stimuli that are not linked to an unconditioned stimulus, is called ____________.

discrimination

Swim instruction that reinforces shorter swims before attempting to reinforce longer swims illustrates the process of:

shaping