Chapter 7 Quiz: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

According to Sternberg, "book smarts" is another way of talking about which kind of intelligence? a.) Analytical b.) Emotional c.) Creative d.) Practical

a.) Analytical

Which of the following tests came first? a.) Binet's mental ability test b.) the Stanford-Binet c.) the Wechsler tests d.) the ACT

a.) Binet's mental ability test

What might be the best predictor of why some people do not excel in school but essentially succeed in their life and career choices? a.) Emotional intelligence b.) Phonemes c.) Cretinism d.) One's intelligence quotient

a.) Emotional intelligence

Trial and error is sometimes referred to as a(n) __________. a.) Mechanical solution b.) Heuristic c.) Algorithm d.) Rule of thumb

a.) Mechanical solution

Lynn and Ted bought a new house with an unfinished basement. To determine how they want to finish it, they lay down tape on the floor showing where walls will go and rooms will be. This process of problem solving is known as __________. a.) Working backward from the goal b.) Representativeness heuristic c.) Algorithms d.) Trial and error

a.) Working backward from the goal

In Terman's study of gifted children, mental health issues and relationship problems during childhood only occurred in those with IQs of __________. a.) 100 or lower b.) 180 or higher c.) 45 or lower d.) 150 or higher

b.) 180 or higher

One day at work, Julie's earring fell on the floor, and she was unable to find the back. To keep from losing her earring, Julie reinserted it and used part of a pencil eraser to keep the earring in place. Using a pencil eraser as a temporary earring back showed that Julie overcame __________. a.) A mental set b.) Functional fixedness c.) Transformation bias d.) Confirmation bias

b.) Functional fixedness

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf theorized that __________, a concept reflected in their linguistic relativity hypothesis. a.) Language and thought develop independently b.) Language shapes thoughts c.) Language and thought influence each other d.) Thoughts shape language

b.) Language shapes thoughts

Researchers have found that it takes __________ to view a mental image that is larger or covers more distance than a smaller or more compact one. a.) Less time b.) Longer c.) Half the time d.) The same amount of time

b.) Longer

Which type of intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, would most likely be present in farmers, landscapers, and biologists? a.) Existentialist b.) Naturalist c.) Movement d.) Visual/Spatial

b.) Naturalist

Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking? a.) "How do you spell clothes hanger?" b.) "What is a clothes hanger?" c.) "How many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger?" d.) "What does a clothes hanger typically look like?"

c.) "How many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger?"

Cognitive universalism tends to __________ the linguistic relativity hypothesis. a.) Add further proof to b.) Mildly downplay c.) Contradict d.) Support

c.) Contradict

What does the Flynn effect theorize? a.) Intelligence scores are decreasing due to an overreliance on technology. b.) Intelligence scores are relatively stable in contrast to improvement in our educational system. c.) Intelligence scores are steadily increasing in modernized countries. d.) Intelligence scores are meaningless and should be abandoned.

c.) Intelligence scores are steadily increasing in modernized countries.

A realistic goal for all test developers is to __________ cultural bias in their intelligence tests. a.) Maximize b.) Hide c.) Minimize d.) Eliminate

c.) Minimize

Research suggests we engage mental images in our mind __________ the way we engage or interact with physical objects. a.) Not at all like b.) A little like c.) Much like d.) Randomly and completely different than

c.) Much like

Dr. Stevenson gives all her classes 45 minutes to complete their psychology test regardless of if the class meets for 50 minutes, 75 minutes, or even 3 hours. Such a technique promotes test __________. a.) Norms b.) Reliability c.) Standardization d.) Validity

c.) Standardization

In contrast to comparing mental age to chronological age, most modern tests of intelligence use __________. a.) Emotional assessments b.) Stern's formula c.) Creativity assessments d.) Age-group comparison norms

d.) Age-group comparison norms

A psychologist asks people to envision a circle. Next he asks them to draw the circle they envisioned. When comparing the pictures, almost all circles look identical. The fact that a circle typically fits a specific and rigid set of rules is an example of a __________. a.) Prototype b.) Fuzzy concept c.) Natural concept d.) Formal concept

d.) Formal concept

Dr. Park has found that her patient, Ye-Jun, has a defect in a gene on the X chromosome of his 23rd pair, resulting in a deficiency of a protein needed for brain development. Ye-Jun most likely suffers from __________. a.) Down syndrome b.) Fetal alcohol syndrome c.) Cretinism d.) Fragile X syndrome

d.) Fragile X syndrome

Dr. Garber works with children who have grown up in poor socioeconomic conditions. Many of her clients come from homes that do not emphasize education or social involvement, and opportunities for advancement are practically nonexistent. Many are malnourished, have been exposed to a variety of environmental toxins, and have multiple infections without adequate or timely health care. What might these children be at risk for? a.) Increased emotional intelligence b.) Organically induced deprivation c.) Genetic inhibition d.) Intellectual disability

d.) Intellectual disability