chapter 7 quiz foundation of nutrition

After completion of final digestion of protein in the absorptive cells, the amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the

liver

Signs of marasmus include

wasting. weakness.

Children with PEM are at risk for which of the following?

Stunted growth Lower intelligence Weakness and irritability

A meal that provides all of the essential amino acids without including animal protein consists of

complementary combinations.

When two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process, a --- is formed.

dipeptide bond

--,--proteins are dietary proteins that are low in, or lack, one or more essential amino acids.

low-quality

The form of protein-energy malnutrition referred to as starvation is known as

marasmus

An infection that is more likely to kill a a child with PEM is _______.

measles

a --- nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed.

negative

Which of the following is true about protein?

Contains nitrogen Organic molecules

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your ____________________.

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

True or false: Food intolerances trigger the body's immune response.

False

What disease is caused by a rare genetic disorder that occurs when cells are unable to produce an enzyme that converts an amino acid to other compounds?

PKU

Sometimes, amino acids that are normally nonessential can become conditionally essential.

True

Which of the following is true about the denaturation of protein?

Wine denatures protein in meat making the meat more tender Denaturation alters the protein's shape and function Hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures protein making them easier to digest

Intolerance to wheat products, resulting in IBS-like symptoms is defined as ______.

non-celiac gluten sensitivity

What happens to protein production when the supply or "pool" of amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acids needed for constructing the protein?

Production of the protein stops

Accumulation of fluid in tissues is called

edema

PKU is caused by

enzyme deficiency.

A(n) ______ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.

essential

Antibodies are proteins that function by _____.

fighting disease organisms

If a person with celiac disease eats foods that contain ______, the body will activate the immune system, destroying villi.

gliadin gluten wheat

People with celiac disease must avoid products with ________.

gluten

-- is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

Pepsin

Nitrogen equilibrium occurs when ______.

protein intake equals protein losses

DNA does not play a vital role in protein synthesis.

False

What confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease?

Positive blood test Damaged villi

Enzymes within the microvilli break down ______ to amino acids.

di- and tripeptides

a nitrogen --- balance occurs when a person consumes equal protein than is needed.

equilibrium

Allergic reactions can result in ______.

anaphylactic shock

What happens when excess protein is consumed?

It is turned into glucose or fat. It is metabolized for energy needs.

A person with which disease and an elevated BUN is often advised to eat less protein?

Kidney disease

How is protein different from lipids and carbohydrates?

Protein contains nitrogen.

To determine a person's RDA for protein, multiply his or her weight in kilograms by ______.

0.8g

What type of protein helps to maintain the proper distribution of fluids in the blood and body tissues?

Albumin

Which of the following may result in elevated BUN levels?

Heart disease Bleeding in the GI tract Kidney disease Urinary tract obstruction

are a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.

Legumes

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

Nonessential

Which of the following vegetarian diets allow a person to eat eggs but no other animal foods?

Ovo-vegetarian

What role does hydrochloric acid (HCl) have in protein digestion?

activates pepsin from the inactive form denatures food proteins

A protein can be altered through exposure to ______.

physical agitation acids heat

a --- nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes more protein than is needed.

positive

Gluten-free products that are not nutrient dense include

potato chips cookies

Not all amino acids need to be supplied through dietary sources because _____ breaks down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and then recycles them to make new proteins.

protein turnover

Amino acids are bonded together to form

proteins

The three group that make up an amino acid are the ______.

amino group carboxylic acid group

Anaphylactic shock results from

an allergic reaction. a food allergy.

Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods

lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs

lactovegetarian

The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called

protein turnover

The structure of hemoglobin is an example of the ______________________ structure.

quaternary

Which of the following describe the components of an amino acid?

nitrogen (amino) group acid (carboxyl) group hydrogen side chain

Which organ secretes trypsin and chymotrypsin to further break down polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids?

Pancreas

The ______ of a protein influences its function.

structure

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?

Absorptive cells

What is a chemical link between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid?

Peptide bond

Signs of kwashiorkor include

brittle hair. stunted growth. discolored patches of skin.