Chapter 7 Respiratory System(Medical Terminology)

Define dyspnea

Difficult or painful breathing

COPD

Disease characterized by reduced ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation

Define aspiration

Drawing in of a foreign body, food, or fluid through the nose, throat, or lungs, during inspiration

What is the space between the vocal cords called?

Epiglottis

Define stridor

Harsh, high- pitched sound during respiration that indicates an airway obstruction

What does the nasal cavity do?

It filters, warms, and humidifies inhaled air

Define ventilator

Machine that delivers artificial respiration for a patient who is unable to breath on her or his own

What are bronchi?

Major air passages that branch off from the trachea into the five lobes of the lungs

What is the control center for initiating and sustaining the breathing process?

Medulla oblongata

What are vocal cords?

Mucous membrane folds in the larynx(vocal folds) to move and produce sound

First section of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx

What region is connected to your sense of smell and taste and is located on the roof of the nasal cavity?

Olfactory region

Define sleep apnea

Periodic cessation(interruption) of breathing during sleep

Serve as passageways to the middle ear?

Pharyngeal tonsils and the Eustachian tubes

What is the passageway for which air, food, and liquids travel?

Pharynx

What is responsible for warming and humidifying the air that travels through it?

Respiratory region

Define Apnea

Temporary interruption of breathing

What is external respiration?

The change of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the cells of the body

Define pleural effusion

The escape of fluid into the pleural cavity due to excessive fluid buildup in the pleural space

What is internal respiration?

The gas exchange the cellular and tissue levels

What is responsible to transport air to the lungs and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases?

The lower respiratory tract

What is Respiratory rate?

The number of breaths that a person takes in a minute

Where does Air, food, and liquid pass through

The oropharynx

Once air has traveled from the larynx, it enters the?

Trachea(Windpipe)

Define nasal polyp

Tumor with a stem of new growth in the nose or nasal cavity

What is responsible for the inhalation and humidification of air and for transporting air to the lower respiratory tract?

Upper respiratory tract

What is the difference between Ventilation and Respiration?

Ventilation is the process by which air moves into and out of the lungs. Respiration is the process of gas exchange.

What contains coarse hairs that acts as a first line of defense against infection?

Vestibular region

What is the third section of the larynx and through which Air, food, and liquids pass through?

laryngopharynx

Lungs are in the thoracic cavity and are divided by the?

mediastinum

What organs and structures are part of the respiratory system?

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs

What are the structures of the upper respiratory tract?

nose, nasal cavities, the sinus cavities, the pharynx and larynx

The body requires a constant exchange of_____?

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Situated just behind the skull around the nose are air-filled cavities known as the....?

paranasal cavities

Where does the base of each lung rest?

the diaphragm

What substance makes up the larynx and enables the vocal cords to move and produce sounds?

vocal cords or vocal folds

Define Rales

Abnormal cracking sound hear during auscultation of the lungs while the patient is breathing in; usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airway.

Top of a long is called what?

An apex

Why can a nasal infection lead to an ear infection?

Because the oropharynx is the second section of the pharynx which is located behind the oral cavity

What serves as a passageway for air inside the lungs where fresh oxygen and harmful carbon dioxide are exchanged?

Bronchi or Bronchial tubes

Which gas is contained in the air that we breathe out?

Carbon dioxide

Define asthma

Characterized by sudden periodic attacks of dyspnea accompanied by wheezing.

Define croup

Childhood disease characterized by a barking cough and high-pitched breathing

Define orthopnea

Condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight

Define Hyperventilation

Condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal

Define Hypoventilation

Condition in which breathing is too slow and shallow

Define Hyperpnea

Condition of deeper-than-normal breathing

Define Tachypnea

Condition of faster-than-normal breathing

Define Eupnea

Condition of normal breathing

Define Bradypnea

Condition of slower than-normal breathing

What is counted as 1 respiration?

1 inspiration and 1 expiration

Normal respiratory rate for an adolescent(11-18)?

12-20, 12-20 for adulthood as well

What is the larynx?

A voice box, located in the neck that is composed of semigrid, fibrous plates made up of cartilage and connected by muscles and ligaments